Kinetic investigation of the radical polymerization of N-acryloylpiperidine in solution

The kinetics of free radical polymerizations of N-acryloylpiperidine (NAPi) were studied in benzene (Bz) using 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as initiator. The activation energy was determined to be 111.7 kJ mol^?1. The overall rate of polymerization of the NAPi-AIBN-Bz system at 60°C was investigated as a function of monomer and initiator concentrations. Deviation from normal kinetics was observed with an order of 1.48 with respect to the monomer. The observed dependence of the rate constants k_p/k on monomer concentration could not be explained by the diffusion theory or the theory of electron donor-acceptor (EDA) complexes. The observed data have, however, been satisfactorily interpreted by the ‘hot’ radical theory.     

Social and cultural aspects of hallucinations.

Reviews clinical and anthropological studies, and indicates that social and cultural factors affect both the definition of, and the sensory systems involved in, hallucinations. It appears that the pejorative labeling of certain reported experiences as hallucinatory is dependent on linguistic factors as well as social and cultural beliefs (e.g., the consideration of hallucinations as an index of social maturity, social competence, and social conformity). It is noted that the degree of rationality in the culture is associated with attitudes, emotional response, and the attribution of pathology to hallucinatory experiences. The implications of social and cultural factors for the behavioral and psychoanalytical approaches to hallucinations are discussed. (3? p ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Stimulus generalization and overinclusion in normal and schizophrenic subjects.

Compared 38 male and 12 female schizophrenics and a matched group of normals on a test of stimulus generalization, Epstein's Inclusion Test, and the Vocabulary subtest of the WAIS. Schizophrenics generalized significantly more than normal Ss (p     

Copolymerizations involving N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone

Low conversion copolymerizations have been conducted with N-vinyl-pyrrolidone (VP) as monomer-1 and the following reagents were used as monomer-2: acryloxymethylpentamethyldisiloxane (AMS), methacryloxymethylpentamethyl disiloxane (MMS), n-butyl acrylate (BA) and 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate (HEMA). In the same order the derived monomer reactivity ratios (r₁, r₂) were (0.34, 1.57); (0.04, 4.92); (0.02, 0.80) and (0.05, 3.12). For a range of different feed compositions within each system integral curves were thereby computed for the instantaneous copolymer composition throughout all stages of conversion. These gave predictions on compositional heterogeneity which compared satisfactorily with the clear, translucent or opaque appearance of copolymers prepared to very high conversion via γ-irradiation. However, the VP-HEMA system, for which there is no azeotropic composition, yielded optically clear copolymers at all feed compositions. This finding is explained on the basis of the almost iso-refractive nature of the two homopolymers and/or strong thermodynamic compatibility among copolymers and homopolymers as evidenced by a single T_g observed on cast films.     

Review of Cross-Cultural Studies of Behavior.

Reviews the book, Cross-Cultural Studies of Behavior by Ihsan Al-Issa and Wayne Dennis (see record 1972-06603-000). Cross-cultural behavioural studies have been long neglected in psychology. Further, the published results are widely scattered. The collection of readings by Al-Issa and Dennis are, therefore, a useful adjunct to the class-room literature. The organization of the readings includes sections on Cross-Cultural Studies of Perception, Intellectual Functioning, Personality, Child Rearing and Behavior, Mental Health and Psycholinguistics. There are 39 articles in all representing a good selection of authors prominent in their field. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Pulmonary Diseases Decision Support System Using Deep Learning Approach

Pulmonary diseases are common throughout the world, especially in developing countries. These diseases include chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, pneumonia, asthma, tuberculosis, fibrosis, and recently COVID-19. In general, pulmonary diseases have a similar footprint on chest radiographs which makes them difficult to discriminate even for expert radiologists. In recent years, many image processing techniques and artificial intelligence models have been developed to quickly and accurately diagnose lung diseases. In this paper, the performance of four popular pretrained models (namely VGG16, DenseNet201, DarkNet19, and XceptionNet) in distinguishing between different pulmonary diseases was analyzed. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first published study to ever attempt to distinguish all four cases normal, pneumonia, COVID-19 and lung opacity from Chest-X-Ray (CXR) images. All models were trained using Chest-X-Ray (CXR) images, and statistically tested using 5-fold cross validation. Using individual models, XceptionNet outperformed all other models with a 94.775% accuracy and Area Under the Curve (AUC) of Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) of 99.84%. On the other hand, DarkNet19 represents a good compromise between accuracy, fast convergence, resource utilization, and near real time detection (0.33 s). Using a collection of models, the 97.79% accuracy achieved by Ensemble Features was the highest among all surveyed methods, but it takes the longest time to predict an image (5.68 s). An efficient effective decision support system can be developed using one of those approaches to assist radiologists in the field make the right assessment in terms of accuracy and prediction time, such a dependable system can be used in rural areas and various healthcare sectors.     

Review of Human abilities in cultural context.

Reviews the book, Human abilities in cultural context by S. H. Irvine and J. W. Berry (see record 1988-98683-000). The three main sections of this book provide a contemporary and historical survey of theory and research in the three areas that have dominated the study of the nature and measurement of intelligence; namely, the cognitive information-processing, Piagetian, and psychometric perspectives. Readers have become accustomed to books which express cither the biological or the sociocultural point of view on intelligence. Although the present volume is on human abilities in cultural context, the editors should be congratulated tor attracting authors who represent both the biological and sociocultural perspectives. This comprehensive collection of reviews will be a basic reference for students and researchers in cognition for many years to come. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)