OUTER-DIRECTEDNESS IN THE DISCRIMINATION LEARNING OF NORMAL AND MENTALLY RETARDED CHILDREN.

HIGH- AND LOW-DISTRACTIBLE RETARDATES OF MIXED ETIOLOGY AND NORMALS OF A COMPARABLE MA LEARNED A 3-CHOICE SIZE DISCRIMINATION WITH AND WITHOUT AN ADDITIONAL CUE. FOR 1/2 OF THE SS IN THE CUE CONDITIONS THE CUE ALWAYS INDICATED THE CORRECT STIMULUS, AND FOR THE OTHER 1/2 THE CUE INDICATED AN INCORRECT STIMULUS. FOR 1/2 OF THE SS IN EACH OF THE CUE CONDITIONS THE CUE WAS E'S FINGER, FOR THE OTHER 1/2 THE CUE WAS A LIGHT. THE HYPOTHESIS THAT RETARDATES ARE MORE OUTER-DIRECTED IN PROBLEM SOLVING THAN NORMALS GENERATED THE PREDICTION THAT THE LEARNING OF THE RETARDATES WOULD BE MORE ENHANCED IN THE POSITIVE CONDITION AND MORE DEBILITATED IN THE NEGATIVE CONDITIONS. CONFIRMATION OF THIS HYPOTHESIS WAS FOUND IN THE NEGATIVE CONDITIONS. NO DIFFERENCES ASSOCIATED WITH TYPE OF CUE OR LEVEL OF DISTRACTIBILITY WERE FOUND. FAMILIAL RETARDATES WERE FOUND TO BE LESS OUTER-DIRECTED IN THEIR PROBLEM SOLVING THAN WERE NONFAMILIAL RETARDATES. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

STIMULUS TRACE IN THE MENTALLY RETARDED: DEFECT OR DEVELOPMENTAL LAG?

TO DETERMINE WHETHER THE CENTRAL ORGANISMIC VARIABLE OF STIMULUS TRACE THEORY, I.E., NEURAL INTEGRITY (NI), WAS MORE CLOSELY RELATED TO MA OR IQ, COMPARISONS WERE MADE BETWEEN DIGIT SPAN PERFORMANCE OF OUTPATIENT CHILDREN WHO WERE MATCHED ON EITHER MA OR CA BUT WHO DIFFERED IN IQ GROUPS MATCHED DIFFERENCES WERE FOUND BETWEEN NORMAL, BORDERLINE, AND RETARDED IQ. ON CA, BUT NOT BETWEEN THOSE MATCHED ON MA. IT IS CONCLUDED THAT N1 WAS RELATED TO MA BUT NOT TO IQ AND THAT AS A CONSEQUENCE STIMULUS TRACE THEORY WAS BEST REGARDED AS A DEVELOPMENTAL RATHER THAN A DEFECT APPROACH TO MENTAL RETARDATION. THE DIFFERENTIAL IMPLICATIONS AND RESEARCH STRATEGIES OF DEVELOPMENTAL AND DEFECT APPROACHES ARE DISCUSSED AS IS THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE FINDING OF NO DIFFERENCES IN VARIABILITY OF DIGIT SPAN PERFORMANCE BETWEEN NORMAL AND RETARDED CHILDREN. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Interactions Between Carnosine and the Different Redox States of Myoglobin

To better understand the mechanism by which camosine inhibits myoglobin oxidation in salted ground pork, interactions of camosine with ferrylmyoglobin (ferMb), metmyoglobin (metMb) and oxymyoglobin (oxyMb) were investigated. Camosine (0–50 mM pH 5.0–7.5) accelerated the conversion of metMb to oxyMb at pH ≥ 7.0 and carnosine concentrations ≥ 25 mM. Camosine (1–50 mM) also accelerated the conversion of oxyMb to metMh with its formation rates increasing with decreasing pH and increasing camosine concentrations. Camosine (1–25 mM) inhibited ferMb-catalyzed oxidation of phosphatidylcholine liposomes 16–76% and reduced the ferMh electron paramagnetic resonance signal 24–43%. Results suggested that the color stabilizing effects of camosine were related to its antioxidant activity.     

机器人的未来——明天的家庭助手为你服务

单一任务机器人 只工作不休息 当前机器人的发展趋势与中规中距的机器无异,其中多数还是像IRobot公司的Roomba真空吸尘器机器人那样，只能履行单一任务，这样的例子还包括Friendly Robotlcs公司生产的RL1000 Robomower草坪修整机器人．有了它．草坪主人也尽可以抽心地去看电视了，它目前售价是1800美元．