The capital cities of the ten new European Union countries in selected bibliographic databases

Summary The aim is to investigate the cities based on the author-affiliation data from Web of Science, Biosis Previews, CAB Abstracts, Chemical Abstracts, Compendex/Inspec, Francis, Medline, Pascal, and Sociological Abstracts databases. Specifics of particular cities and publishing patterns and trends with reference to particular disciplines are studied. Characteristics of city-data collection with regard to retrieval accuracy are investigated. Databases are compared regarding document coverage and input consistency. A city as an emerging supranational unit is proposed as a scientometric object and indicator in its own right as a complement to the traditional notion of a country or a nation-state.     

Influence of performance evaluation rating segmentation on motivation and fairness perceptions.

This study investigated the impact of rating segmentation (i.e., the number of alternative appraisal categories available for rating employee performance) on motivation and perceptions of fairness. Participants were 305 student volunteers who performed a catalog search task, A 2 X 4 factorial design with 2 performance rating systems--low segmentation (3 categories) and moderate segmentation (5 categories)--and 4 performance levels was used. Overall, the results indicated that the 5-category system resulted in higher self-efficacy regarding participants' ability to reach the next higher rating category, higher goals for rating improvement, and higher rating improvements than the 3-category system. The effects of rating system and performance rating on rating improvement were partially mediated by self-efficacy and personal goals. The rating system and the performance rating affected perceptions of distributive and procedural justice. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Maternal recognition of pregnancy in cattle

Nature and potential functions of chemical signals involved in the process of pregnancy recognition in cattle are discussed. The array of prostaglandins, steroid metabolites, and proteins produced by the conceptus and endometrium are described and collated with histological and physiological responses of the uterus and ovary that lead toward maintenance of the corpus luteum. Advances during the last 10 yr partially have identified the conceptus-endometrial-ovarian signal sequence that is associated with maternal recognition of pregnancy in cattle. Final evaluation of the control system should permit investigators to improve embryo survival and augment further the impact of embryo manipulation to improve genetic merit of the cattle population.     

Using Cybersecurity Metrics in Utilities

For years, cybersecurity practitioners have tried and failed to measure cybersecurity effectiveness.     

Sex effects in evaluating leaders.

Investigated the extent to which sex role stereotypes influence the evaluation of leadership behavior. 225 male and 57 female business students were administered 1 of 2 versions of a questionnaire containing 4 stories, each depicting a leadership style based on 1 of the following leadership dimensions: initiating structure, consideration, production emphasis, and tolerance for freedom. Managers' names were altered in the 2 versions to indicate males or females. Answers to 8 evaluative questions for each of the leadership styles confirm the hypothesis that sex has an effect on evaluations of managerial behavior, although the effect varied for different leadership styles. Female managers received more positive scores than male managers on the consideration style. Initiating structure behavior was valued more highly when engaged in by male managers. Manager sex had no significant influence on evaluations of the production emphasis and tolerance for freedom styles. Sex of S effects also were noted on all but the consideration style. (21 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)