Emanation-Thermal Analysis of Fibrous Basalt Sorbents

Structural changes in basalt sorbents in the course of thermal treatment were studied by complex emanation-thermal analysis. Sorbent was prepared by two-stage treatment of staple basalt fibers with hydrochloric acid. The sorption isotherms of liquid nitrogen vapor on these new sorbents were obtained, the open surface areas were determined, and the porosity and pore size distribution of leached fibers were evaluated. The data of thermostimulated gas liberation method showed that water sorbed on porous basalt fibers occurs in two energy-different states: the main fraction of water is desorbed at 90-110°C, and the remainder, at 300-320°C. The sorbent is completely regenerated on heating to 550°C. Degradation of the fiber pore structure begins at 700°C, and fiber sintering, at temperatures greater than 1150°C. A mathematical model of emanation of the porous systems in the sintering mode was proposed, and the activation energies of emanation of the initial and porous fibers were calculated. It was found that leaching, along with formation and development of the mesopore system, generates numerous point defects. Due to significant sorption activity and high thermal stability, fibrous basalt sorbents can be recommended to prepare sorption filters for treatment of radiochemical production wastes.     

Integrated optoelectronic probe including a vertical cavity surface emitting laser for laser Doppler perfusion monitoring

An integrated optoelectronic probe with small dimensions, for direct-contact laser Doppler blood flow monitoring has been realized. A vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL), and a chip with photodetectors and all necessary electronics are integrated in a miniature probe head connected to a laptop computer. The computer sound processor is utilized for acquisition and digital signal processing of the incoming Doppler signal. In this paper, the design of the laser Doppler perfusion monitor is described and its performance is evaluated. We demonstrate our perfusion monitor to be less sensitive to subject motion than a commercial fiber-optic device. For medium and high perfusion levels, the performance of our integrated probe is comparable to the fiberoptic flowmeter containing a normal edge-emitting laser diode. For very low perfusion levels, the signal-to-noise ratio of the fiber-optic device is higher. This difference can mainly be attributed to the shorter coherence length of the VCSEL compared with the edge-emitting laser diode.     

Thinking and drinking: Alcohol-related cognitions across stages of adolescent alcohol involvement.

Alcohol-related cognitions, particularly expectancies for drinking and nondrinking and motives for nondrinking, are involved in the initiation, maintenance, and cessation of alcohol use and are hypothesized to play key roles in adolescent decision making. This study explored (a) the relationships between alcohol use expectancies, nondrinking expectancies, and nondrinking motives; (b) the roles of these cognitions across hypothesized developmental stages of adolescent alcohol use; and (c) the relationships between these cognitions and recent or intended future changes in drinking behavior in a cross-sectional sample. Surveys assessing alcohol use behaviors and attitudes were administered to 1,648 high school students. Heavier drinkers reported more positive alcohol use expectancies and fewer nondrinking motives than did lighter drinkers or nondrinkers; however, nondrinking expectancies only differed between nondrinkers and rare drinkers and all subsequent drinking classes. Alcohol use expectancies, nondrinking expectancies, and nondrinking motives differentiated students who recently initiated alcohol from those who had not, while nondrinking expectancies and nondrinking motives differentiated binge-drinking students who had made recent efforts to reduce/stop their drinking from those who had not. Intentions to initiate or reduce drinking in the coming month were also associated with these alcohol-related cognitions. Drinking and nondrinking expectancies and motives for not drinking may play critical roles in decisions to alter alcohol-use behavior during adolescence. Future exploration of temporal relationships between changes in alcohol-related cognitions and behavioral decision making will be useful in the refinement of effective prevention and intervention strategies. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

The cloning of fragments of homeobox genes expressed during planarian regeneration

The polymerase chain reaction with degenerate primers corresponding to the most conservative amino acids 16-21 (ELEKEF) and 49-54 (WFQNRR) of the Antennapedia class homeodomain was used for the amplification of cDNA from regenerating planarians (asexual race of Dugesia tigrina). A total of six new Antennapedia-like homeobox sequences, designated Dutarh-1-Dutarh-6 (Dugesia tigrina asexual race homeobox gene), were obtained. Their comparison with other homeobox genes using a "Genebee" software (the EMBL Data Library) showed that all sequences except Dutarh-6 belong to the Antennapedia class. Dutarh-6 is closely related to a recently described novel homeobox gene subfamily that includes mouse mesodermal homeobox genes Mox-1 and Mox-2 and rat homeobox gene Gax.     

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