Algebraic Sum of the Indices of Singular Points for Complexes of Various Dimensionalities

New equations for the algebraic sum of the indices of singular points are suggested for complexes of various dimensionalities.     

The influence of nucleate to film boiling transition in liquid helium on the stability of composite superconductors under ac conditions

A model describing ac superconducting composite behaviour by taking account of the boiling transition of liquid helium, used as a refrigerant, is described. A comparison of the resultant volt-ampere characteristics with the experimental values proves the validity of the model.     

New forms of the azeotropic relationships for two-dimensional concentration complexes

The equations for the sum of Poincaré indices of the singular points in the tie-line vector field are written in new forms for various two-dimensional complexes. The equations are applied to systems at phase and chemical equilibria.     

Heterogen katalysierte Reaktivdestillation: Design und Scale‐up am Beispiel von Methylacetat

Reactive Distillation by Heterogeneous Catalysis: Design and Scale‐up Using Methyl Acetate as an Example Methyl acetate synthesis and hydrolysis is used to exemplify the design and scale‐up of heterogeneously catalyzed reactive distillations using Katapak‐S/‐SP. Different equilibrium and non‐equilibrium stage models and a rate‐based model are compared in order to clarify the level of complexity needed to predict the process behavior. An equilibrium stage model accounting for reaction kinetics is the best choice for methyl acetate reactive distillation. Reliable information on fluid dynamics of the used reactive distillation packing is needed for the fluid dynamic design in order to assure a wide operation range of the reactive distillation column. To verify the process model, experiments on the synthesis of methyl acetate have been performed in columns with different diameters. As a case study, the model‐based scale‐up is described for an industrial methyl acetate hydrolysis process.     

Novel Models of Crohn’s Disease Pathogenesis Associated with the Occurrence of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Intestinal Cells

Crohn’s disease remains one of the challenging problems of modern medicine, and the development of new and effective and safer treatments against it is a dynamic field of research. To make such developments possible, it is important to understand the pathologic processes underlying the onset and progression of Crohn’s disease at the molecular and cellular levels. During the recent years, the involvement of mitochondrial dysfunction and associated chronic inflammation in these processes became evident. In this review, we discuss the published works on pathogenetic models of Crohn’s disease. These models make studying the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the disease pathogenesis possible and advances the development of novel therapies.     

INES – An Interface Between Experiments and Simulation to Support the Development of Robust Process Designs

The development of chemical processes is based on both experiments and process simulations. Data evaluation and reconciliation, model development and validation, and design of experiments are essential steps in this procedure. The different tools and approaches available are usually not supported in an integrated way in the process developer's workflow. Therefore, a framework for process design was created and integrated in a tool box which supports process design comprehensively. It contains methods for data selection and reconciliation, sensitivity analysis, model validation and model adjustment.     

Algorithm for spline-based elastic registration in application to confocal images of gene expression

We perform elastic registration by an algorithm based on a pixelwise and regularized optimization criterion. We express the deformation field thanks to B-splines, which allows us to deal with a rich variety of deformations. The algorithm is able to handle soft landmark constraints, which is particularly useful when parts of the images contain very little information, or when it is unevenly distributed. We solve the problem by minimizing the distance between the target image and the warped source. We regularize this minimization problem by divergence and curl. We apply the proposed algorithm to the registration of the confocal scanning microscopy images of Drosophila embryos. The text was submitted by the authors in English.     

Experimental hybrid power transmission line with liquid hydrogen and MgB2-based superconducting cable

Results of developing and testing an experimental hybrid power transmission line with liquid hydrogen and superconducting power (SCP) cable based on magnesium diboride (MgB₂) are presented. Critical currents of the MgB₂ based prototype SCP cable have been determined for the first time at the forced flow of liquid hydrogen in a temperature interval of 20–26 K. Various regimes of SCP cable cryostatting with both subcooled saturated liquid hydrogen have been tested in a broad range of supply rates (7–220 g/s) and pressures (0.15–0.4 MPa).

     

Role of Impaired Mitochondrial Dynamics Processes in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s Disease

Mitochondrial dysfunction is now recognized as a contributing factor to neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Mitochondria are signaling organelles with a variety of functions ranging from energy production to the regulation of cellular metabolism, energy homeostasis, and response to stress. The successful functioning of these complex processes is critically dependent on the accuracy of mitochondrial dynamics, which includes the ability of mitochondria to change shape and position in the cell, which is necessary to maintain proper function and quality control, especially in polarized cells such as neurons. There has been much evidence to suggest that the disruption of mitochondrial dynamics may play a critical role in the pathogenesis of AD. This review highlights aspects of altered mitochondrial dynamics in AD that may contribute to the etiology of this debilitating condition. We also discuss therapeutic strategies to improve mitochondrial dynamics and function that may provide an alternative treatment approach.