低功耗技术-是鸡还是蛋?

当前和可预见的未来,便携式装置的设计者们都面临着一个可怕的挑战--全球的消费者在对尺寸更小、价格更低、功能特色更为丰富而且电池寿命更长的便携式装置的追求上总是贪得无厌.像真人电视秀一样,同一种产品上的设计迭代次数将呈指数式增长.     

Virus-mediated delivery of antigenic epitopes into dendritic cells as a means to induce CTL

Dendritic cells (DC) are potent inducers of CD8+ T cells and can stimulate protective antitumor immunity when pulsed with an antigenic peptide or protein. We used a replication-deficient adenovirus containing a Kb-restricted antigenic peptide of chicken OVA to study CTL induction in vitro and in vivo after adenovirus-mediated gene transfer into DC. The efficiency of adenovirus-infected DC in eliciting a specific CTL response was compared with immunizations with a recombinant vaccinia virus and DC pulsed with peptide or protein. An immortalized DC line derived from a C57BL/6 mouse and freshly isolated splenic DC from C57BL/6 mice were used in CTL induction. Virus-infected DC elicited the strongest Ag-specific CTL response in vitro and in vivo and induced protective antitumor immunity to a challenge with EG.7 tumors (EL-4 cell line expressing OVA). Direct immunization of mice with recombinant adenovirus resulted in the induction of high titers of neutralizing Abs, which precluded a boost of a CTL response after repeated inoculations. However, repeated injections of virus-infected DC induced only low titers of neutralizing Abs. Furthermore, the presence of neutralizing Abs specific for the virus did not affect the usefulness of infected DC as repeated applications of virus-infected DC boosted the CTL response even in mice previously infected with the recombinant vector. The use of DC infected with a recombinant virus has advantages over other forms of immunization and could provide an alternative approach for designing vaccination therapies.     

Assessing gender role of partner-violent men using the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2): Comparing abuser types.

This study investigated traditional masculine gender role differences between male partner abuser types using the Masculinity/Femininity subsection scales of Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) Structural Summary. We examined differences between four groups of partner-violent men (borderline, antisocial, psychotic features, and nonpathological partner violent) and one group of nonpartner-violent men on five MMPI-2 subscales: Masculinity-Femininity, Gender Role-Feminine, Gender Role-Masculine, Ego Inflation, and Low Self-esteem. Results indicated that the borderline group reported the most consistent traditional feminine gender role orientation of all the groups, whereas the antisocial group reported the most consistent traditional masculine gender role orientation of all the groups. The psychotic features group reported characteristics associated with both traditional masculinity and traditional feminine gender role making it distinct among all the groups. The nonpathological intimately violent group and the nonpartner-violent group reported no extreme scores when compared with the other three groups. The borderline and antisocial groups reported significantly more exposure to family of origin violence and use of more severe forms of partner abuse than the other three partner abuse groups. Treatment implications are addressed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Immune regulatory loops determine productive interactions within human T lymphocyte-dendritic cell clusters

Help for the induction of cytolytic T lymphocytes is mediated by dendritic cells (DC) that are conditioned by CD40 signaling. We identified tumor necrosis factor family member CD27L/CD70, which is expressed by cytolytic T lymphocytes on interaction with DC to control CD154 (CD40L) up-regulation on CD45RA+ helper T cells for subsequent DC stimulation. The results show that the initiation of a cytolytic immune response is determined by regulatory circuits, requiring simultaneous activation and differentiation of all cells involved in T lymphocyte-DC cluster formation.     

Assessing group process: An illustration using tuckerized growth curves.

Tuckerized growth curve analysis (TGCA), a longitudinal statistical method that makes few assumptions of data and preserves intraindividual variability, is useful for examining growth or change in longitudinal data. TGCA is described and illustrated with real group counseling data. TGCA was used to assess the adequacy of a popular developmental group counseling theory (K. R. MacKenzie & W. J. Livesley, 1983) that presents such growth as a series of specific stages. The 4 groups (N?=?36) each met for 28 sessions. TGCA was used to evaluate Conflict scale scores from the Group Climate Questionnaire (short form), which was administered after each session. The results corresponded most strongly with MacKenzie and Livesley's theory during the first 4 stages (i.e., engagement, differentiation, individuation, and intimacy) of group development. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Helpful impacts in group counseling: Development of a multidimensional rating system.

The underlying structure of group therapy participants' perceptions of helpful therapeutic impacts were explored through principal-components analysis. Critical incidents obtained from 210 interpersonal growth group and 74 group counseling participants were rated on a measure that incorporated items from the Therapeutic Factors (S. Bloch, J. Reibstein, E. Crouch, P. Holroyd, & J. Themen; see record 1980-26125-001), and Categories of Good Moments (A. R. Mahrer & W. P. Nadler; see record 1986-17846-001) rating systems and R. Elliott's (see record 1985-31654-001) taxonomy of helpful impacts. Principal-components analysis revealed four underlying factors that accounted for 59.2% of the variance. These factors were labeled Emotional Awareness-Insight, Relationship-Climate, Other Versus Self Focus, and Problem Solving-Behavior Change. The identified helpful therapeutic impact dimensions were related to perceptions of group leader behavior and to ratings of group climate. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Pilot project to estimate the centralized volt/VAr controleffectiveness

This paper describes a volt/VAr control (VVC) project in which a centralized network-model based VVC was put in place to control a 13.8 kV distribution subsystem. The goal of the project is to estimate the effectiveness of VVC based on different objective functions, including an objective function for future market economy (revenue maximization). The technical issues which are critical to implementing VVC are discussed. The effectiveness of VVC for energy conservation and revenue maximization is calculated as an effect due to the immediate (within the span of a few minutes) load to voltage response. This effect is compared with the actual effect calculated based on a fifteen minutes average archived telemetered data     

A time series model of the working alliance: A key process in short-term psychoanalytic counseling.

The relationship between the counselor and client's perception of the working alliance across sessions was investigated in short-term psychoanalytic counseling. Prior research suggests that counselors play a large role in clients' perception of the working alliance. A time-series analysis allowed specific processes based upon prior research and theory to be tested. The results illustrate a time-bound process of counselor and client perceptions of the working alliance. The findings provide further evidence that counselors play a major role in clients' perception of the working alliance and that this impact carries over into the subsequent sessions in short-term psychoanalytic counseling. Implications are discussed and avenues for future research are suggested. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Presentation of exogenous protein antigens on major histocompatibility complex class I molecules by dendritic cells: pathway of presentation and regulation by cytokines

Several recent studies have shown that dendritic cells (DC) pulsed with soluble proteins can present peptide epitopes derived from these exogenous antigens on major histocompatability complex (MHC) class I molecules and induce an antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response. We provide evidence here that DC use macropinocytosis to capture soluble antigens that are then presented on MHC class I molecules. The presentation of an epitope derived from soluble ovalbumin was transporter associated with antigen presentation (TAP)-dependent, brefeldin A-sensitive, blocked by inhibitors of proteasomes, and resistant to chloroquine. These data suggest that exogenous antigens access the cytosol of DC and are proccessed for presentation via the same pathway described for conventional MHC class I-restricted cytosolic antigens. Proinflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) reduced the efficiency of ovalbumin presentation via this pathway. This reduced presentation was not due to impaired expression of class I molecules because these substances upregulated the cell surface expression of Kb-molecules comparable to levels induced by interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) treatment. The addition of IFN-gamma increased ovalbumin presentation even in the presence of TNF-alpha or LPS. These results show that DC might be involved in the cross-priming phenomenon. This could offer the immune system an additional pathway for effective priming of cytotoxic T cells and provide the possibility to activate both CD4 and CD8 T-cell responses.