Sequential Compatibility Effects and Cognitive Control: Does Conflict Really Matter?

Although it is widely accepted that control mechanisms are necessary for human behavior to be adapted, very little is known about how such mechanisms are recruited. A suggestion to fill the gap was put forward by M. M. Botvinick, T. S. Braver, C. S. Carter, D. M. Barch, and J. D. Cohen (2001), who proposed the conflict-loop theory. This theory has been successful in accounting for the reduction of compatibility effects after an incompatible trial: The level of conflict being, on average, higher during an incompatible trial, more control occurs after such a trial. The authors have tested this prediction by sorting the trials on the basis of amount of conflict (quantified by the electromyographic activity) they presented. A reduction of the compatibility effect was observed after incompatible trials, but it was independent of the level of conflict on previous trials, suggesting that the conflict does not trigger changes in executive control. Consequences for the conflict monitoring model are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Emission inventory: An urban public policy instrument and benchmark

Global concern with climate change has led to the development of a variety of solutions to monitor and reduce emissions on both local and global scales. Under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), both developed and emerging countries have assumed responsibility for developing and updating national inventories of greenhouse gas emissions from anthropic sources. This creates opportunities and incentives for cities to carry out their own local inventories and, thereby, develop air quality management plans including both essential key players and stakeholders at the local level. The aim of this paper is to discuss the role of local inventories as an urban public policy instrument and how this type of local instrument may bring advantages countrywide in enhancing the global position of a country. Local inventories have been carried out in many cities of the world and the main advantage of this is that it allows an overview of emissions produced by different municipal activities, thereby, helps decision makers in the elaboration of efficient air quality management plans. In that way, measures aimed at the reduction of fossil fuel consumption to lower local atmospheric pollution levels can also, in some ways, reduce GHG emissions.     

Consistency,availability, and partition tolerance in blockchain: a survey on the consensus mechanism over peer-to-peer networking

Annals of Telecommunications - Blockchain is a disruptive technology that relies on the distributed nature of the peer-to-peer network while performing an agreement, or consensus, a mechanism to...     

Cesarean section and left ventricular failure caused by coronary artery disease: anesthetic management

A Caesarean section was performed in a 34-year-old patient experiencing a major left heart failure secondary to an anterior myocardial infarction which occurred four years before. At the end of pregnancy, she developed a mild pulmonary hypertension. Caesarean section was decided to maintain a stable haemodynamic status. For the same reason, general anaesthesia with etomidate was preferred rather than epidural analgesia. Haemodynamic monitoring allowed the adequate management of blood pressure, heart rate, pulmonary blood pressure and arterial oxygen saturation. Postoperative analgesia was obtained with opioids administered epidurally.     

2016里约奥运会奥运村公园

正2016里约热内卢奥运村公园坐落于巴西里约热内卢市西部的巴拉达蒂茹卡地区,占地面积超过80万m2。在这里,佩德拉布兰卡国家公园(Pedra Branca State Park)中重要的大西洋森林植被保护区,与沼泽、浅滩等多样的自然环境类型,坎塔加卢、阿莫林和欧泰鲁山脉(Cantagalo,Amorim and Outeiro Hills)以及塔比乌斯(Tabebuias)环境保护区共同构成了当地独特的景观风貌。     

Characterization of Starch Granules in Maize Using Microspectrophotometry

Starch granule-associated proteins and protein aggregates not associated with starch granules were visualized by staining with acid fuchsin. Based on fluorescence intensity, it was observed that non-granule-associated proteins could be removed from starch granule preparations by treatment with a modification of the Osborne-Mendel fractionation method without affecting the apparent level of granule-associated proteins. Moreover, fluorescence microscopy with direct spectrophotometric measurement of the proteins confirmed the presence of major subpopulations of granules differing in size and acid fuchsin-induced fluorescence. Treatment of stained granules with 1.0% SDS dramatically reduced fluorescence intensity, indicating the removal of granule-associated proteins.     

Growth of silicon based germanium tin alloys

Germanium tin (GeSn) is under equilibrium a two phase (Ge + Sn) system. Single phase GeSn alloys are important for silicon based heterostructure devices as stressors for Ge channels and as candidates for direct/indirect band cross-over. Such alloys would allow superior Ge channel metal oxide semiconductor devices and optoelectronic infrared circuits on a Si substrate.Preparation of GeSn layers is possible at low growth temperatures. We discuss the challenges caused by the non-equilibrium growth and the limitations of low temperature epitaxy. Main challenges and limitations are the surface segregation, precipitations and defect accumulation in low temperature epitaxy.The problem of high lattice mismatch between Si and GeSn (> 4%) can be solved using virtual substrates with strain relaxed Ge buffer layers. The lattice mismatch can be reduced to 1% and below.Growth of pseudomorphic GeSn layers on Ge buffers/Si substrate was investigated. The samples were characterized by X-ray methods and Raman spectroscopy. High device process stability was achieved up to 600 °C annealing and documented by Raman spectroscopy. Fabrication of a detector test device demonstrated feasibility for optoelectronic applications with extended infrared range.     

Dissociation between activation and attention effects in time estimation: Implications for internal clock models.

In a time production task, the participants' activation level and attention devoted to time were manipulated respectively by means of click trains delivered at 2 different intensities during the task and by introducing a concurrent reaction time task. Activation level is classically considered to affect the rate of an internal pacemaker, whereas the way attention affects time estimation is a matter of debate. Three models that differ as to the effect of attention were evaluated. Predictions on the interaction pattern between activation and attention were derived for each of the 3 models. When manipulated jointly, these 2 factors proved to be independent, as they had additive effects on the performance. This finding suggests that the activation level affects the pacemaker rate, whereas the attention level affects an accumulation process by directly acting on a switch functioning in an all-or-none fashion. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)