Internal mammary vein to coronary artery anastomotic fistula

Two patients are presented where internal mammary artery grafting was performed for the relief of symptomatic coronary artery disease. At follow-up the internal mammary artery was occluded and a communication between the internal mammary vein and the native coronary artery was demonstrated. These patients were characterised by the early recurrence of angina or the appearance of a continuous murmur. Both patients were treated by re-operation with ligation of the arterio-venous fistula and saphenous vein grafting.     

Benzoquinones, a homoisoflavanone and other constitutents from Polygonatum alte-lobatum

From the rhizomes of Polygonatum alte-lobatum, two new homologous series of 1,4-benzoquinones, polygonaquinones A and B, a novel homoisoflavanone, a new gentrogenin glycoside and 13 known compounds were isolated and characterized. The structures of the new compounds were determined as two homologous series of three 2,5-dihydroxy-3-methyl-6-alkyl-1,4-benzoquinones and three 2-hydroxy-3-methyl-6-alkyl-1,4-benzoquinones, with chain lengths C21 to C23, and 4',5,7-trihydroxy-6,8-dimethylhomoisoflavanone and gentrogenin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1-->2)-[beta-D-xylopyranosyl(1-->3)] -beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1-->4)-beta-D-galactopyranoside.     

解放前我国学者对新疆石油地质的调查和研究

20世纪初，随着近代地质学在中国的形成和发展，一些学者开始了对新疆石油地质的调查和研究，30年代末以前，翁文灏，章鸿钊等学者利用文献和间接获得的资料，对新疆石油资源进行了宏观考察和若干重要油苗的地质研究；40年代开始，黄汲清等地质家在新疆进行实地考察，对独山子油田进行了详细研究，并在南北疆部分地区进行了路线性石油地质调查。     

Paraneoplastic syndromes in patients with ovarian neoplasia

The prevalence of several paraneoplastic syndromes associated with ovarian cancer was determined from a clinicopathological study of 908 patients with primary ovarian malignancy in the North East Thames Region. The diversity and rarity of these manifestations are great and the explanation for them is difficult. Circumstantial evidence suggests that in some cases an autoimmune phenomenon is the most plausible cause.     

Prolonged systemic and regional haemodynamic effects of intracerebroventricular angiotensin II in conscious sheep

1. The haemodynamic mechanisms by which infusion of angiotensin II (AngII), either into the lateral cerebral ventricles (i.c.v.) or intravenously (i.v.), increased arterial pressure were studied in conscious sheep. 2. Sheep were previously fitted with flow probes for measurement of cardiac output and coronary, mesenteric, renal and iliac blood flows. 3. Intracerebroventricular AngII (10 nmol/h for 1 h) increased arterial pressure by 11 +/- 4 mmHg (P < 0.001) due to vasoconstriction, predominantly in the mesentric vasculature. These effects developed over 30 min and took 2 h to return to control. Following the infusion renal conductance increased continuously for 3 h, resulting in a parallel increase in renal blood flow (to 75 +/- 18 mL/min above control, P < 0.001). 4. Intracerebroventricular AngII increased plasma vasopressin from 0.8 +/- 0.3 to 7.2 +/- 1.8 pg/mL (P, 0.01), and reduced plasma renin concentration from 0.9 +/- 0.3 to < 0.4 nmol/L/h. 5. The pressor effect of i.v. AngII (5, 10, 25, 50 nmol/h) also depended on peripheral vasoconstriction, but the pattern of responses was different. The greatest degree of vasoconstriction occurred in the renal, followed by the mesentric and iliac vascular beds; these effects were rapid in onset and offset. 6. In conclusion, the pressor responses to both i.c.v. and i.v. angiotensin depended on peripheral vasoconstriction, but there were contrasting regional haemodynamic changes. ICV AngII caused a prolonged pressor response, mainly due to mesentric vasoconstriction possibly partly due to vasopressin release, and following the infusion there was a pronounced, long-lasting renal vasodilatation. In contrast, i.v. AngII caused vasoconstriction preferentially in the renal vascular bed and its effects were short lasting.     

Health education lessons learned: the H.A.P.I. Kids Program

Challenges exist for effective health communication and health education within diverse populations of the United States. This article addresses the development process for educational materials and lessons learned from the Healthy Asian and Pacific Islander (H.A.P.I.) Kids Program, a vaccination demonstration project funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to promote catch-up hepatitis B vaccination for older American Asian and Pacific Islander children. Simplicity and a common message were incorporated in multiple strategies to disseminate information to a diverse population. Community representatives from the Cambodian, Hmong, Filipino, Lao, and Vietnamese communities were instrumental in the material development process, which included needs assessment, design, and translation. By making the target community part of the development process, important health messages can be disseminated effectively, carrying great impact to an otherwise hard-to-reach community.     

Lack of PPCA expression only partially coincides with lysosomal storage in galactosialidosis mice: indirect evidence for spatial requirement of the catalytic rather than the protective function of PPCA

Protective protein/cathepsin A (PPCA) is a pleiotropic lysosomal enzyme that complexes with beta-galactosidase and neuraminidase, and possesses serine carboxypeptidase activity. Its deficiency in man results in the neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disorder galactosialidosis (GS). The mouse model of this disease resembles the human early onset phenotype and results in severe nephropathy and ataxia. To understand better the pathophysiology of the disease, we compared the occurrence of lysosomal PPCA mRNA and protein in normal adult mouse tissues with the incidence of lysosomal storage in PPCA(-/-) mice. PPCA expression was markedly variable among different tissues. Most sites that produced both mRNA and protein at high levels in normal mice showed extensive and overt storage in the knockout mice. However, this correlation was not consistent as some cells that normally expressed high levels of PPCA were unaffected in their storage capability in the PPCA(-/-) mice. In addition, some normally low expressing cells accumulated large amounts of undegraded products in the GS mouse. This apparent discrepancy may reflect a requirement for the catalytic rather than the protective function of PPCA and/or the presence of cell-specific substrates in certain cell types. A detailed map showing the cellular distribution of PPCA in nomal mouse tissues as well as the sites of lysosomal storage in deficient mice is critical for accurate assessment of the effects of therapeutic interventions.