Diffusion and influence of Cu on properties of CdTe thin films and CdTe/CdS cells

The effective diffusion coefficients of Cu for thermal and photodiffusion in the CdTe films have been estimated from resistivity versus duration of thermal or photoannealing curves. In the temperature range 60–200°C the effective coefficient of thermal diffusion (D_t) and photodiffusion (D_ph) are described as D_t=7.3×10⁻⁷exp(−0.33/kT) and D_ph=4.7×10⁻⁸exp(−0.20/kT).It is found that the diffusion doping of CdTe thin films by Cu at 400°C results in a sharp decrease of resistivity up to 7 orders of magnitude of p-type material, depending on thickness of Cu film. The comparative study of performance of CdTe(Cu)/CdS and CdTe/CdS cells has been studied. It is shown that the diffusion doping of CdTe film by Cu increases efficiency of CdTe(Cu)/CdS cells from 0.9% to 6.8%. The degradation of photovoltaic parameters of CdTe(Cu)/CdS cell, during testing under forward and reverse bias at room temperature, proceeds at a larger rate than those of CdTe/CdS cell without Cu. The degradation of performance of CdTe(Cu)/CdS cells is tentatively assigned to electrodiffusion of Cu in CdTe, resulting in redistribution of concentration of Cu-related centers in CdTe film and heterojunction region.     

徽章模具寿命不佳原因分析

１模具破损情形描述有客户反映在使用广州金耘公司材料GS３００（相当规格为AISI０１，但Mn含量稍高）５０mm时，经过热处理做成徽章模具后，在使用过程中发现使用表面发生裂纹的问题，损坏样品表面硬度约为５５～５８HRC，客户怀疑合金成份出现问题。并提供破损模具样品，请我公司分析模具材料成份，并提供破损原因分析结果。２分析过程（１）外观检验。客户提供样品整体外观如图１a、b所示。模具图案处仍然具有明显金属色泽，并没有明显的凹陷迹象，但其周围具有明显的破损与研磨后的残留痕迹，与一般常见的因强度不足所造成的模具…     

Potentiation or diminution of discrete motor unconditioned responses (rabbit eyeblink) to an aversive Pavlovian unconditioned stimulus by two associative processes: Conditioned fear and a conditioned diminution of unconditioned stimulus processing.

In 2 experiments using the rabbit conditioned eyeblink preparation, the conditions under which a Pavlovian conditioned stimulus/stimuli (CS) potentiates or diminishes the unconditioned response (UCR) were examined. Results indicate that, after discrimination training (CS+ vs CS–), the CS+ diminished UCR amplitude at the training interstimulus interval (ISI). When CS+ trials were segregated into trials on which a conditioned response (CR) did or did not occur, the CS+ diminished the UCR when it elicited a CR, but not when a CR failed to occur. When the CS-unconditioned stimulus (UCS) interval was lengthened to 10 sec, the CS+ reliably potentiated the eyeblink UCR on CR trials but did not potentiate responding on trials on which a CR was absent. Results are discussed in terms of the modulatory effects and temporal properties of conditioned fear and an associatively produced decrement in UCS processing. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Utilization of waste loquat (Eriobotrya Japonica Lindley) kernels as substrate for scleroglucan production by locally isolated Sclerotium rolfsii

Present study mainly focused on investigating the feasibility of waste loquat kernels as substrate in submerged culture of Sclerotium rolfsii MT-6 for scleroglucan production. Loquat kernel contained high protein (22.5%) and total carbohydrate (71.2%) contents. Dried and powdered kernels were subjected to acid hydrolysis with 2 N HCl. The obtained hydrolysate was used for the preparation of loquat kernel extract (LKE) and detoxified loquat kernel extract (DLKE). S. rolfsii MT-6 was isolated from fermented squash (Cucurbita pepo). Optimal conditions for scleroglucan production were initial pH 5.0, shaking speed 150 rpm, 28°C, and cultivation time of 72 hr. Production media prepared with DLKE or LKE gave maximum biomass concentrations of 17.06 and 16.21 g/L, and maximum scleroglucan concentrations of 12.08 and 10.53 g/L, respectively. DLKE was also favorable substrate for mycelial growth in a uniform pellet form. This is a first report on the application of waste loquat kernels as scleroglucan production substrate and on the use of a local S. rolfsii isolate for this purpose.     

Conditioned diminution of the unconditioned response in rabbit eyeblink conditioning: Identifying neural substrates in the cerebellum and brainstem.

Several models of Pavlovian conditioning assume that processing of an unconditioned stimulus/stimuli (UCS) is diminished by a CS with which it had been paired. Two experiments evaluated the hypothesis that UCS processing may be diminished by CS-dependent activation of the cerebellum. Experiment 1 showed that electrical brain stimulation (EBS) of the cerebellar interpositus nucleus diminished the peak amplitude of the rabbit's unconditioned eyeblink response. This effect was bilateral, was systematically related to the intensity of EBS, maximal 50 ms after the offset of EBS, and substantially reversed by naloxone. Experiment 2 showed that inactivating the contralateral red nucleus with γ-D-glutamylglycine blocked the decremental effect of interpositus stimulation. Implications for neural systems mediating the inhibitory effects of cerebellar activation and the antinociceptive role of noradrenergic and opioid systems in Pavlovian conditioning phenomena are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Visualization of Dopant Oxygen Atoms in a Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ Superconductor

A proper amount of excess oxygen plays a significant role in hole‐doped cuprate high‐T_c superconductivity. Here, the dopant oxygen in Bi₂Sr₂CaCu₂O_8+δ is directly imaged via integrated differential phase contrast combined with state‐of‐the‐art scanning transmission electron microscopy. The location of dopant oxygen is observed to be consistent with the position inferred from local strain analysis of the incommensurate structure. The influence of dopant oxygen on the local atomic lattice and electronic structure is further explored using first‐principle calculations. The dopant oxygen atoms not only aggravate the distortions of the local atomic arrangement but also alter the electronic states by transferring charge from the BiO planes to the CuO₂ planes. The underlying mechanism of charge transfer is resolved. The results may also be applicable to other oxygen‐doped cuprates with high‐T_c superconductivity.     

编织型摩擦材料配方优化设计

采用均匀设计法分别考察了编织型摩擦材料中的主要成分改性树脂、玻纤、铜丝及锦纶四种因素,对其摩擦磨损性能的影响,并在大型数据处理软件SPSS上运用逐步回归法和T检验对试验结果进行了分析,建立了线形回归模型.此法尽可能地减少了实验次数,克服了实验的盲目性,又得出了较好的配方设计,提高了摩擦材料的性能.     

引入CO2提高金刚石薄膜的沉积速率

微波等离子体法合成的金刚石薄膜质量好，但常规小型微波等离子体沉积金刚石薄膜速率低，为此，本实验在H2-CH4系统中引入CO2来提高金刚石薄膜的沉积速率。研究了不同碳源体积分数、功率、压力对沉积速率、金刚石形貌、电阻率的影响。其规律是随着碳源体积分数的增加，金刚石膜的沉积速率增加；随着压力的增加，生长速率呈现一个先增后减的趋势；随着功率的增加，也存在一个先增后降的趋势。研究结果表明碳源体积分数对沉积速率影响最大。综合各种因素，得到在H2＋CH4＋CO2的条件下沉积金刚石薄膜的最佳工艺条件为：碳源体积分数为0．63％；C／O=1．086；功率为490W；压力为5．33kPa。引入CO2使沉积速率得到提高，为常规方法沉积速率的3倍左右，表明引入CO2是一种提高沉积速率的有效方法。     

引入CO2提高金刚石薄膜的沉积速率

微波等离子体法合成的金刚石薄膜质量好,但常规小型微波等离子体沉积金刚石薄膜速率低,为此,本实验在H2-CH4系统中引入CO2来提高金刚石薄膜的沉积速率.研究了不同碳源体积分数、功率、压力对沉积速率、金刚石形貌、电阻率的影响.其规律是随着碳源体积分数的增加,金刚石膜的沉积速率增加;随着压力的增加,生长速率呈现一个先增后减的趋势;随着功率的增加,也存在一个先增后降的趋势.研究结果表明碳源体积分数对沉积速率影响最大.综合各种因素,得到在H2+CH4+CO2的条件下沉积金刚石薄膜的最佳工艺条件为:碳源体积分数为0.63%;C/O=1.086;功率为490 W;压力为5.33 kPa.引入CO2使沉积速率得到提高,为常规方法沉积速率的3倍左右,表明引入CO2.是一种提高沉积速率的有效方法.