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T. D. Dzhafarov S. S. Yesilkaya N. Yilmaz Canli M. Caliskan 《Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells》2005,85(3):371-383
The effective diffusion coefficients of Cu for thermal and photodiffusion in the CdTe films have been estimated from resistivity versus duration of thermal or photoannealing curves. In the temperature range 60–200°C the effective coefficient of thermal diffusion (Dt) and photodiffusion (Dph) are described as Dt=7.3×10−7exp(−0.33/kT) and Dph=4.7×10−8exp(−0.20/kT).It is found that the diffusion doping of CdTe thin films by Cu at 400°C results in a sharp decrease of resistivity up to 7 orders of magnitude of p-type material, depending on thickness of Cu film. The comparative study of performance of CdTe(Cu)/CdS and CdTe/CdS cells has been studied. It is shown that the diffusion doping of CdTe film by Cu increases efficiency of CdTe(Cu)/CdS cells from 0.9% to 6.8%. The degradation of photovoltaic parameters of CdTe(Cu)/CdS cell, during testing under forward and reverse bias at room temperature, proceeds at a larger rate than those of CdTe/CdS cell without Cu. The degradation of performance of CdTe(Cu)/CdS cells is tentatively assigned to electrodiffusion of Cu in CdTe, resulting in redistribution of concentration of Cu-related centers in CdTe film and heterojunction region. 相似文献
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1模具破损情形描述有客户反映在使用广州金耘公司材料GS300(相当规格为AISI01,但Mn含量稍高)50mm时,经过热处理做成徽章模具后,在使用过程中发现使用表面发生裂纹的问题,损坏样品表面硬度约为55~58HRC,客户怀疑合金成份出现问题。并提供破损模具样品,请我公司分析模具材料成份,并提供破损原因分析结果。2分析过程(1)外观检验。客户提供样品整体外观如图1a、b所示。模具图案处仍然具有明显金属色泽,并没有明显的凹陷迹象,但其周围具有明显的破损与研磨后的残留痕迹,与一般常见的因强度不足所造成的模具… 相似文献
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In 2 experiments using the rabbit conditioned eyeblink preparation, the conditions under which a Pavlovian conditioned stimulus/stimuli (CS) potentiates or diminishes the unconditioned response (UCR) were examined. Results indicate that, after discrimination training (CS+ vs CS–), the CS+ diminished UCR amplitude at the training interstimulus interval (ISI). When CS+ trials were segregated into trials on which a conditioned response (CR) did or did not occur, the CS+ diminished the UCR when it elicited a CR, but not when a CR failed to occur. When the CS-unconditioned stimulus (UCS) interval was lengthened to 10 sec, the CS+ reliably potentiated the eyeblink UCR on CR trials but did not potentiate responding on trials on which a CR was absent. Results are discussed in terms of the modulatory effects and temporal properties of conditioned fear and an associatively produced decrement in UCS processing. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
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Present study mainly focused on investigating the feasibility of waste loquat kernels as substrate in submerged culture of
Sclerotium rolfsii MT-6 for scleroglucan production. Loquat kernel contained high protein (22.5%) and total carbohydrate (71.2%) contents. Dried
and powdered kernels were subjected to acid hydrolysis with 2 N HCl. The obtained hydrolysate was used for the preparation
of loquat kernel extract (LKE) and detoxified loquat kernel extract (DLKE). S. rolfsii MT-6 was isolated from fermented squash (Cucurbita pepo). Optimal conditions for scleroglucan production were initial pH 5.0, shaking speed 150 rpm, 28°C, and cultivation time of
72 hr. Production media prepared with DLKE or LKE gave maximum biomass concentrations of 17.06 and 16.21 g/L, and maximum
scleroglucan concentrations of 12.08 and 10.53 g/L, respectively. DLKE was also favorable substrate for mycelial growth in
a uniform pellet form. This is a first report on the application of waste loquat kernels as scleroglucan production substrate
and on the use of a local S. rolfsii isolate for this purpose. 相似文献
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Several models of Pavlovian conditioning assume that processing of an unconditioned stimulus/stimuli (UCS) is diminished by a CS with which it had been paired. Two experiments evaluated the hypothesis that UCS processing may be diminished by CS-dependent activation of the cerebellum. Experiment 1 showed that electrical brain stimulation (EBS) of the cerebellar interpositus nucleus diminished the peak amplitude of the rabbit's unconditioned eyeblink response. This effect was bilateral, was systematically related to the intensity of EBS, maximal 50 ms after the offset of EBS, and substantially reversed by naloxone. Experiment 2 showed that inactivating the contralateral red nucleus with γ-D-glutamylglycine blocked the decremental effect of interpositus stimulation. Implications for neural systems mediating the inhibitory effects of cerebellar activation and the antinociceptive role of noradrenergic and opioid systems in Pavlovian conditioning phenomena are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
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Dongsheng Song Xuefeng Zhang Chaosheng Lian Hai Liu Ioannis Alexandrou Ivan Lazi Eric G. T. Bosch Ding Zhang LiLi Wang Rong Yu Zhiying Cheng Canli Song Xucun Ma Wenhui Duan Qikun Xue Jing Zhu 《Advanced functional materials》2019,29(45)
A proper amount of excess oxygen plays a significant role in hole‐doped cuprate high‐Tc superconductivity. Here, the dopant oxygen in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ is directly imaged via integrated differential phase contrast combined with state‐of‐the‐art scanning transmission electron microscopy. The location of dopant oxygen is observed to be consistent with the position inferred from local strain analysis of the incommensurate structure. The influence of dopant oxygen on the local atomic lattice and electronic structure is further explored using first‐principle calculations. The dopant oxygen atoms not only aggravate the distortions of the local atomic arrangement but also alter the electronic states by transferring charge from the BiO planes to the CuO2 planes. The underlying mechanism of charge transfer is resolved. The results may also be applicable to other oxygen‐doped cuprates with high‐Tc superconductivity. 相似文献
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微波等离子体法合成的金刚石薄膜质量好,但常规小型微波等离子体沉积金刚石薄膜速率低,为此,本实验在H2-CH4系统中引入CO2来提高金刚石薄膜的沉积速率。研究了不同碳源体积分数、功率、压力对沉积速率、金刚石形貌、电阻率的影响。其规律是随着碳源体积分数的增加,金刚石膜的沉积速率增加;随着压力的增加,生长速率呈现一个先增后减的趋势;随着功率的增加,也存在一个先增后降的趋势。研究结果表明碳源体积分数对沉积速率影响最大。综合各种因素,得到在H2+CH4+CO2的条件下沉积金刚石薄膜的最佳工艺条件为:碳源体积分数为0.63%;C/O=1.086;功率为490W;压力为5.33kPa。引入CO2使沉积速率得到提高,为常规方法沉积速率的3倍左右,表明引入CO2是一种提高沉积速率的有效方法。 相似文献
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微波等离子体法合成的金刚石薄膜质量好,但常规小型微波等离子体沉积金刚石薄膜速率低,为此,本实验在H2-CH4系统中引入CO2来提高金刚石薄膜的沉积速率.研究了不同碳源体积分数、功率、压力对沉积速率、金刚石形貌、电阻率的影响.其规律是随着碳源体积分数的增加,金刚石膜的沉积速率增加;随着压力的增加,生长速率呈现一个先增后减的趋势;随着功率的增加,也存在一个先增后降的趋势.研究结果表明碳源体积分数对沉积速率影响最大.综合各种因素,得到在H2+CH4+CO2的条件下沉积金刚石薄膜的最佳工艺条件为:碳源体积分数为0.63%;C/O=1.086;功率为490 W;压力为5.33 kPa.引入CO2使沉积速率得到提高,为常规方法沉积速率的3倍左右,表明引入CO2.是一种提高沉积速率的有效方法. 相似文献