纬纱与气流粘附性测试方法的评价

喷气引纬需要大量的压缩空气，所需的压缩空气量取决于织机的参数设置和纬纱的规格。通过确定不同纱线在恒定气流中的速度或气流指数，就有可能更加精确地设置织机参数。本文将研究不同纱线在气流中的速度，并将这些结果与不同的纱线性能及喷气织机参数作对比。同时，设计了不同的测试方法来比较这些参数，并研究了纬纱气流指数与织机参数之间的相互关系。结果表明，随着织机参数设置精确性的提高，所需的压缩空气量减少。比较性的测试在其他研究中进行。     

On the mechanism of delamination fracture of BaTiO3-based PTC thermistors

Delamination fracture of positive temperature coefficient PTC thermistors is a mode of thermal shock failure which manifests itself by cracking of the ceramic along a plane approximately parallel to the electrodes. This mode of failure is observed in high-power switching applications. It results from the build-up of thermal stresses whose amplitude is governed by a large number of geometrical, electrical and thermomechanical parameters. An experimental procedure is proposed for the quantitative evaluation of the thermal shock resistance of PTC thermistors. This resistance is characterized by a ‘fracture voltage’ defined as the voltage causing an increase by more than 10% of the room-temperature resistance after less than 25 switching cycles. The crack trajectory during the successive cycles is revealed by microscopic observation of the fracture surfaces. These experimental results are interpreted by comparison with the temperature and stress distributions computed using a newly developed three dimensional model. This modelling allows evaluation of the relative importance of the parameters affecting failure. The cracking mechanism can be partly elucidated on the basis of the computations of the maps of the normal stresses arising in homogeneous and non-homogeneous ceramics.     

Management of malignant brain tumors

This review is made up of two parts. The first section describes techniques and methods used in the treatment of malignant brain tumors, stressing the most recent developments. The second part reviews the therapeutic modalities in malignant gliomas, where an attempt is made to consider separately glioblastomas, anaplastic astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas, low-grade glioma, medulloblastoma, primary brain lymphoma, and brain metastases. A decision making algorithm is suggested for each tumor type.     

Transcription factors of the PEA3 group in mammary cancer

OBJECTIVE: To discover the predominant determinant of systolic pressure variation during positive-pressure ventilation in mechanically ventilated patients after a vascular surgical procedure. DESIGN: Case control study. SETTING: Postanesthesia care unit at a university hospital. PARTICIPANTS: Eleven patients who were sedated during mechanical ventilation after abdominal aortic surgery. INTERVENTIONS: Radial arterial pressure and airway pressure were simultaneously recorded. The systolic pressure variation was measured as the mean difference between the maximal and minimal systolic pressure values during five consecutive mechanical breaths. The delta down was measured as the difference between the systolic blood pressure during apnea and the minimal values of the systolic pressure after one mechanical breath. The velocity time integral, which is closely related to stroke volume, was measured throughout the systolic pressure measurements. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Positive correlation was found between changes in velocity time integral and the magnitude of both systolic pressure variation (r = 0.73) and delta down (r = 0.80). Volume loading did not significantly modify systolic blood pressure. However, it did not significantly decrease systolic pressure variation and delta down. The corresponding changes in velocity time integral provoked by mechanical ventilation decreased significantly as well. CONCLUSIONS: The decrease in systolic pressure provoked by positive-pressure inspiration reflects simultaneous decreases in stroke volume. This suggests that a decrease in left ventricular filling, associated with positive-pressure inspiration, is responsible for systolic pressure variation. This finding confirms the interest in considering systolic pressure variation to provide reliable information about the responsiveness of the heart to preload variations.     

What's in a name? Attachment-related attentional bias.

Participants completed a dot probe task that presented pairs of first names: the participant's own name and a neutral name (Experiments 1-4), the name of their attachment figure and a neutral name (Experiments 1-4), or the name of a known person and a neutral name (Experiments 2-4). A significant attentional bias effect was found for the attachment name in attachment-related contexts, whether they were threatening or positive. The results of Experiments 2 and 4 showed that the attentional bias effects for the attachment name were not driven by familiarity effects and could not be interpreted in terms of salience. Attachment anxiety was associated with hypervigilance toward the attachment name in threatening and positive attachment contexts. Attachment avoidance was unrelated to any attentional bias effects. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Aerosol retrieval over ocean from SEVIRI for the use in GERB Earth''s radiation budget analyses

To study the effect of aerosols on the Earth's radiation budget (ERB), the Royal Meteorological Institute of Belgium (RMIB) has integrated spectral aerosol optical depth (AOD) measurements over the ocean from the Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infra-Red Scanner (SEVIRI) into its Geostationary Earth's Radiation Budget, or GERB, processing system referred to as the RGP. Aerosols affect the ERB both directly (when radiation interacts with an aerosol particle) and indirectly (when aerosols act as cloud condensation nuclei). Quantifying the indirect effect is challenging as it requires accurate aerosol retrievals in the close proximity to clouds, where aerosol retrievals may be biased due to leakages from the cloud mask (CM). The initial focus of the RGP project was on the direct effect using confidently clear scenes.

A single channel CM exploiting the SEVIRI temporal sampling was developed at the RMIB for the use in the RGP project. In this study, that single channel mask was evaluated against two multi-channel CMs, one from the Meteorological Products Extraction Facility (MPEF) at the European Organization for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT), and the other from the Satellite Application Facility for Supporting NoWCasting and Very Short Range Forecasting (SAFNWC), respectively. The NOAA/NESDIS Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) single channel aerosol algorithm was adjusted to SEVIRI spectral bands and consistently applied to the pixels identified as cloud-free. The aerosol products corresponding to the three CMs were compared, and the RMIB CM was found to be sufficiently accurate and conservative, for RGP applications.

Comparisons with independent AODs derived from the MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) onboard Terra and Aqua satellites show that the RMIB CM-based SEVIRI aerosol product compares well with its MODIS counterpart. However, a small fraction of cloud-contaminated pixels may still remain in the SEVIRI AOD imagery, chiefly within one to two SEVIRI pixels of the cloud boundary, thus limiting its use for indirect forcing studies. Also, the RMIB CM may screen high AOD non-dust aerosol events (e.g., smoke from biomass burning) as cloud. The potential of the new SEVIRI aerosol product is illustrated by generating 9 km-resolution seasonal maps of AODs and ´ÅǺngström Exponents, and by using the GERB radiative flux measurements for a preliminary quick assessment of the direct aerosol forcing.     

Angular distribution models, anisotropic correction factors, and mixed clear-scene types: a sensitivity study

Because radiometers do not measure the earth's outgoing flux directly, angular distribution models (ADMs) are used to invert measured radiances at the top of atmosphere (TOA) to flux. However, data used to build ADMs are generally not sorted for mixed scene types, and anisotropic correction factors for such scenes are not usually available. In the present study, we have analyzed shortwave (SW) flux values retrieved over nine areas representative of a junction between two different ADM scene types in the Meteosat-7 field of view. The Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) broadband SW ADMs were used to perform the radiance-to-flux conversion. Because of the large anisotropy difference that can exist between ADMs, use of the ADM that corresponds to the scene type with the highest percent coverage over footprints containing a mixture of scene types generates instantaneous as well as systematic errors in the retrieved SW flux values. Nevertheless, in the absence of available mixed scene type ADMs, we show that the CERES on the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission satellite SW ADMs can be combined together to provide reliable mixed scene types anisotropic correction factors. The use of such anisotropic factors appears to be especially well suited along the coastline of continents.