A microgenetic approach to word association.

3 experiments were conducted to test certain general hypotheses derived from a microgenetic approach to word association. Association responses given under time pressure were compared with those given without time pressure in groups of college students. Word associations of schizophrenics and a group of hospital aides were similarly compared without time pressure. The results in part supported the hypothesis that word associations of the college students performing under time pressure would differ from those of the Ss without time pressure in the same way that responses of the schizophrenics would differ from those of the aides. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A microgenetic approach to perception and thought.

"The present paper has been prepared as a microgenetic approach to perception and thought. Within this approach, thoughts and percepts are believed to undergo a very brief, but theoretically important, microdevelopment. Evidence was offered both to support the possibility that such microdevelopments do occur in the normal process of thinking and perceiving and to suggest some of the formal characteristics of such evolutions. Further, an attempt was made to delineate some of the possible implications of this approach for cognitive functioning in abnormal individuals and normal individuals under atypical conditions." 139-item bibliography. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Role orientation, sphere dominance, and social competence as bases of psychiatric diagnosis in Japan: A replication and extension of American findings.

Replicated the american study by L. Phillips, I. Broverman, and E. Zigler (see pa, vol. 42:17396) in 412 hospitalized japanese psychiatric patients. Results substantiate the existence of significant relationships between diagnosis and the symptom styles of role orientation (turning against self or others and avoidance of others) and sphere dominance (thought, affect, and action). These relationships, however, differed in many specific respects from those established in the united states. Social competence and symptom styles, both singly and jointly, were significantly associated with diagnosis. Results indicate the extent and the limits of comparability of the empirical bases of psychiatric diagnosis in the 2 countries. (15 ref.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Social competence and psychiatric symptomatology in Japan: A cross-cultural extension of earlier American findings.

In 2 groups of Japanese psychiatric patients, consisting of 238 men and 269 women, respectively, relationships were investigated between social competence (based on age, marital status, educational achievement, and occupational level) and the variables of (a) role orientation (turning against self, turning against others, avoidance of others), (b) sphere dominance (thought, action, affect, somatization), and (c) discrete symptom manifestation. Results revealed an overrepresentation of the role orientation of turning against self at the higher levels of social competence among men. In women, the sphere of action was predominantly encountered at the low, and that of somatization at the high, levels of the aforementioned variable. Findings are congruent with results of earlier studies in the United States. (19 ref.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Toward a truly international psychology: Beyond English only.

It is contended that the development of a truly international psychology is obstructed at this point by the massive disregard of contributions that are published in languages other than English. The role of English as a mutually agreed-on principal medium of international communication in psychology is endorsed. At the same time, 11 suggestions are presented to overcome the linguistic isolation from the communities of psychologists in which languages other than English are used to disseminate findings and conceptions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

The role of glutamic acid in cognitive behaviors.

Considerable evidence exists suggesting that glutamic acid plays a significant role in cognitive behavior. Its effects upon intelligence are evident both in normal and in retarded persons. Variations in results are believed to be related to: (1) types of Ss employed, (2) the condition under which the drug is administered, (3) the method of assessing change in cognitive behavior, (4) method of drug administration, and (5) type of glutamic acid employed. Relevant physiological literature is reviewed. (3 p. ref.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Responses to cognitive and perceptual ambiguity in chronic and acute schizophrenics.

Responses of 25 acute and 34 chronic schizophrenics to perceptual and cognitive ambiguity were compared with those of 36 normal control Ss by means of: several "decision location" series consisting of blurred photographs presented in the order of increasing clarity; a series of pictures which could be matched, at Ss' discretion, with a number of statements allegedly made by the persons pictured; a series of pictures to be similarly matched with nationality names. The chronic Ss compared to normals offered earlier recognition responses on the perceptual task and matched more items on the cognitive measures. The scores of the acute group, however, yielded uniformly negative results and were found to be intermediate in relation to those of the chronic and normal Ss. (31 ref.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Impact of two types of counselor intervention on Black American, Puerto Rican, and Anglo-American analogue clients.

Tested the hypothesis that types of counseling intervention may be differentially effective depending on the client's cultural background using 28 Black American (BAM), 27 Puerto Rican, and 28 Anglo American (AA) female community college students. Ss received either affective responses or closed questions from a 23-yr-old female BAM clinical psychology graduate student in an analog counseling situation that permitted S-generated responses. Content analyses and ratings of the counselor revealed that affective responses were superior to closed questions on all dependent measures for AA Ss. For BAM Ss, all content variables and 2 of 3 ratings of the counselor suggested superiority of affective responses. It is concluded that affective responses are superior to closed questions in initial counseling interviews with community college students, but inconsistencies in results suggest that further research is necessary. (67 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Review of Neuropsychotherapy: How the Neurosciences Inform Effective Psychotherapy and Neuropsychotherapie (Neuropsychotherapy).

Reviews the book, Neuropsychotherapie (Neuropsychotherapy) and its English translation, Neuropsychotherapy: How the Neurosciences Inform Effective Psychotherapy, by Klaus Grawe (2004). In the last two decades, momentous advances have occurred in neuroscientific knowledge of complex human behavior and experience. At the same time, there has been a steady accretion of research-based information on the technique, process, and outcome of psychotherapy. In Neuropsychotherapie, Klaus Grawe has undertaken the integration of these two trends. He proceeds from the expectation that the breakthroughs in neuroscience are crucial both for the understanding of psychotherapy and for the further enhancement of its effectiveness. Grawe's book is a landmark and a breakthrough, and its impact will be felt for a great many years. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)