A hybrid wafer-dicing process for GaAs MMIC production

A dicing process for GaAs MMIC (monolithic microwave integrated circuit) wafers using spin-on wax for wafer mounting and a hybrid process of wet chemical etching/mechanical sawing for chip dicing is described. This process minimizes ragged chip edges and reduces generation of microcracks in addition to the elimination of the plated gold burrs on the backside of the diced MMIC chips. This process gives a uniformity of -3 μm across a 2-in wafer following the completion of the whole backside process. This GaAs chip dicing technique is amenable to production because it exhibits both a very high chip yield (>90%) and nearly flawless edges     

Designing the MPC105 PCI bridge/memory controller

The MPC105 peripheral component interconnection bridge/memory controller provides a platform-specification-compliant bridge between Power PC microprocessors and the PCI bus. With it, designers can create systems using peripherals already designed for a variety of standard PC interfaces. This bridge chip also integrates a secondary cache controller and high-performance memory controller that supports DRAM or synchronous DRAM and ROM or flash ROM     

Curupira tefeensis II: Occurrence of Acetylenic Fatty Acids

Four acetylenic fatty acids [11-octadecen-9-ynoic acid (E) (ximenynic acid), 11-octadecen-9-ynoic acid (Z), 9,11-octadecadiynoic acid and 13-octadecen-9,11-diynoic acid (E) (exocarpic acid)] were found in the seed oil of Curupira tefeensis (Olacaceae) as minor compounds. The mass spectra of the methyl esters (EI and CI mode), picolinyl esters and 4,4-dimethyloxazoline derivatives of these acids are discussed in detail. Furthermore the NMR data of 9,11-octadecadiynoic acid and 13-octadecen-9,11-diynoic acid are presented.     

Metal-Coated <100>-Cut GaAs Coupled to Tapered Parallel-Plate Waveguide for Cherenkov-Phase-Matched Terahertz Detection: Influence of Crystal Thickness

The influence of crystal thickness of metal-coated <100>-cut GaAs (M-G-M) on Cherenkov-phase-matched terahertz (THz) pulse detection was studied. The M-G-M detectors were utilized in conjunction with a metallic tapered parallel-plate waveguide (TPPWG). Polarization-sensitive measurements were carried out to exemplify the efficacy of GaAs in detecting transverse magnetic (TM)- and transverse electric (TE)-polarized THz waves. The reduction of GaAs’ thickness increased the THz amplitude spectra of the detected TM-polarized THz electro-optic (EO) signal due to enhanced electric field associated with a more tightly-focused and well-concentrated THz radiation on the thinner M-G-M. The higher-fluence THz beam coupled to the thinner M-G-M improved the integrated intensity of the detected THz amplitude spectrum. This trend was not observed for TE-polarized THz waves, wherein the integrated intensities were almost comparable. Nevertheless, good agreement of spectral line shapes of the superposed TM- and TE-polarized THz-EO signals with that of elliptically polarized THz-EO signal demonstrates excellent polarization-resolved detection capabilities of M-G-M via Cherenkov-phase-matched EO sampling technique.     

Temperaturabhängigkeit der ammoniak-diffusion in polymerfilmen

The temperature dependence of the diffusion of ammonia is studied by a new absorption spectroscopic method in 14 transparent filmforming polymers in the range from 15 to 90°C. A linear free-energie-relationship between the activation energy of the diffusion (E_D) and the preexponential factor (D₀) in the Arrhenius-equation corresponds to the behaviour of permanent gases in the glassy state of polymers, but the diffusion coefficients are approximately one order of magnitude lower. A comparison in the activation energies for the diffusion of oxygen and ammonia in three polymers shows that this is due to the decreased activation entropy rather than to a larger Van-der-Waals diameter.     

Lubrication Studies with Alumina-on-Alumina, Steel-on-Steel, and Steel-on-Alumina Bearing Systems

In metal bearing systems, good lubricants for boundary lubrication generally show chemical interaction with the bearing surface under the conditions of temperature and pressure generated in the sliding contact. In this study, tests in a four-ball wear tester have been used to compare lubricants under similar loadings using steel-on-steel, steel-on-alumina, and alumina-on-alumina bearing systems. In general, the alumina appears to be far less reactive with lubricants than steel. Alumina-on-alumina bearing systems do show a sensitivity to lubricant chemical composition with generally higher wear values than the other two bearing systems. Steel-on-alumina bearing systems generally show better wear characteristics than the all-alumina systems which indicates the improved chemical interactions between the steel and the lubricant. This study shows that the chemical reactivity of the lubricant with the bearing surface is important in the wear process.     

Preparation of 2-Aroyl-3-methyl-1H-1,4-benzothiazines. ESR Study of 2-benzoyl-1,3-dimethyl-1H-1,4-benzothiazine

2-Aroyl-3-methyl-1 H-1,4-benzothiazine ylids ( 2a – k ) were prepared by alkylation of the corresponding 4H-benzothiazines 1 . The ylids 2 are labile at room temperature; proper analytical and ¹H-n.m.r. data were obtained for their picrates. E.s.r. studies of u. v. irradiated polycrystalline form of ( 2 ; R¹ = Me, R² = H) gave evidence for a long-lived benzothiazinyl radical with the odd electron residing on nitrogen 6 .     

Aflatoxin and rubratoxin produced by aspergillus parasiticus and penicillium rubrum when grown independently, associatively, or with penicillium italicum or lactobacillus plantarum

Summary Aspergillus parasiticus andPenicillium rubrum were grown separately, associatively, or in combination withPenicillium italicum, and/orLactobacillus plantarum. A glucose-salts broth and single strength and concentrated grapefruit juice serve as substrates. In the broth medium incubated at 28° C for 7 days, production of aflatoxin byA. parasiticus was enhanced when the culture also containedP. rubrum plusL. plantarum; was unaffected by the presence ofP. italicum; and. was reduced by the presence ofP. rubrum, P. rubrum plusP. italicum, orL. plantarum. Production of aflatoxin in single strength grapefruit juice held at 28 C for 7 days was enhanced whenA. parasiticus grew together withP. rubrum andL. plantarum. Presence of all other cultures or combinations reduced aflatoxin production. Similar results were obtained with concentrated grapefruit juice except that less aflatoxin was produced by all cultures and combinations of cultures.Rubratoxin production in broth was enhanced whenP. rubrum grew in association withA. parasiticus. All other combinations of cultures yielded less rubratoxin than didP. rubrum by itself. In single strength grapefruit juice, presence ofA. parasiticus caused a marked decline in rubratoxin production. Slight increases in yield of rubratoxin were obtained when cultures containedL. plantarum orA. parasiticus plusL. plantarum. Other combinations of cultures neither enhanced nor reduced rubratoxin production. All combinations of cultures enhanced rubratoxin production in concentrated grapefruit juice with the highest yield appearing whenA. parasiticus andL. plantarum grew together withP. rubrum. Production of rubratoxin was similar in single strength and concentrated grapefruit ,juice. Sometimes mixtures of cultures differed in production of aflatoxin and rubratoxin after 3 instead of 7 days incubation.

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Zusammenfassung Ein Medium von Glucose und Salzen, oder natürlicher oder konzentrierter Pampelmusensaft diente fürAspergillus parasiticus und/oderPenicillum rubrum als Substrat. Einige dieser Proben wurden. zusätzlieh mitPenicillum italicum und/oderLactobacillus plantarum geimpft. Nachdem das Substrat Glucose und Salze 7 Tage bei 28° C gehalten wurde, fand man mehr Aflatoxin, weanP. rubrum undL. plantarum beide mit A. parasiticus zusammen wuchsen und weniger Aflatoxin, wennP. rubrum, P. rubrum undP. italicum, oderL. plantarum mitA. parasiticus zusammen gezüchtet wurden.P. italicum allein hatte keinen Einfluß auf die Produktion von Aflatoxin. Natürlicher Pampelmusensaft (7 Tage bei 28° C) enthielt am meisten Aflatoxin in der Gegenwart vonA. parasiticus, P. rubrum, und L. planatarum. Die Anwesenheit der anderen Kulturen oder ihrer Kombinationen verringerte die Aflatoxinproduktion. Ähnliche Erfahrungen ergaben sich, wenn konzentrierter Pampelmusensaft als Nährboden diente, obwohl alle Kulturen etwas weniger Aflatoxin produzierten.Das Medium von Glucose und Salzen enthielt mehr Rubratoxin, wennP. rubrum zusammen mitA. parasiticus wuchs. Alle anderen Kulturen gaben weniger Rubratoxin alsP. rubrum allein. Die Anwesenheit vonA. parasiticus in natürlichem Pampelmusensaft verursachte eine wesentliche Verringerung in der Rubratoxin-Produktion. Wenn die KulturenL. plantarum oderA. parasiticus undL. plantarum nebstP. rubrum enthielten, konnte eine geringe Erhöhung der Rubratoxin-Produktion beobachtet wurden. Andere Kombinationen von Kulturen erhöhten noch verminderten die Rubratoxin-Produktion. In konzentriertem Pampelmusensaft erhohten alle Kulturen und ihre Kombinationer. die Produktion von Rubratoxin. Die höchste Produktion wurde bei gemeinsamer Kultivierung vonA. parasiticus undL. plantarum mitP. rubrum verzeichnet. In der Produktion von Rubratoxin wurden die gleichen Ergebnisse in natürlichem und konzentriertem Pampelmusensaft erzielt. Oftmals gaben die kombinierten Kulturen ein anderes Resultat, wenn sic anstelle von 7 Tagen nur 3 Tage im Inkubator waren.