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1.
Experimental studies on phase equilibria in the multicomponent system PbO-ZnO-CaO-SiO2-FeO-Fe2O3 in air have been conducted to characterize the phase relations of a complex slag system used in commercial lead oxidation
smelting. The liquidus in the pseudo-ternary section ZnO-“Fe2O3”-(PbO + CaO + SiO2) with the CaO/SiO2 weight ratio of 0.35 and the PbO/(CaO + SiO2) weight ratio of 5.0 has been constructed using results of over 100 high-temperature equilibration and quenching experiments
followed by electron probe X-ray microanalysis. The liquidus in this pseudoternary section contains primary phase fields of
spinel (zinc ferrite) Zn
x
Fe3−x
O4+y
, zincite Zn
u
Fe1−u
O, melilite Pb
v
Ca2−v
Zn
w
Fe1−w
Si2O7, hematite Fe2O3, magneto-plumbite PbFe10O16, and dicalcium silicate Ca2−t
Pb
t
SiO4. The laboratory results are compared with the slags obtained from an industrial reactor. 相似文献
2.
Evgueni T. Filipov Junho Chun Glaucio H. Paulino Junho Song 《Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization》2016,53(4):673-694
We use versatile polygonal elements along with a multiresolution scheme for topology optimization to achieve computationally efficient and high resolution designs for structural dynamics problems. The multiresolution scheme uses a coarse finite element mesh to perform the analysis, a fine design variable mesh for the optimization and a fine density variable mesh to represent the material distribution. The finite element discretization employs a conforming finite element mesh. The design variable and density discretizations employ either matching or non-matching grids to provide a finer discretization for the density and design variables. Examples are shown for the optimization of structural eigenfrequencies and forced vibration problems. 相似文献
3.
Ata Fallah-Mehrjardi Peter C. Hayes Evgueni Jak 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B》2013,44(6):1337-1351
Freeze-lining technologies have been employed to protect the cooling walls of reactors from chemically aggressive molten reactants. To date, the designs of freeze linings for pyrometallurgical reactors have been based on the basic assumption that the interface between the deposit and the bath remains at the liquidus temperature of the bulk liquid. There is, however, increasing evidence that interface temperature between stagnant deposit and bath is less than the liquidus of the bulk liquid. A previous study also demonstrated that the effects of bath chemistry need to be taken into account in freeze-lining designs. To investigate the fundamental processes involved in the formation and stability of the deposit, experimental laboratory studies have been undertaken in the Cu-Fe-Si-Al-O slag system in equilibrium with metallic copper using an air-cooled probe technique. In the current study, the effects of bath agitation on the microstructure, morphologies of the phases, and formation of various layers across the freeze-lining deposit were studied at steady-state conditions. It appears that the changes in the fluid flow pattern through changes in shear intensities result in corresponding changes in the deposit microstructure, formation of the sealing primary phase layer, thus influencing the interface temperature between freeze-lining deposit and the liquid bath. 相似文献
4.
Taufiq Hidayat Peter C. Hayes Evgueni Jak 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B》2012,43(1):14-26
Ferrous calcium silicate slags, whose principal components are “FeO
x
”-CaO-SiO2, are widely used in copper smelting and converting operations. In the current study, high-temperature equilibration and rapid
quenching techniques were used to study the phase equilibria of the ferrous calcium silicate slags. The compositions of phases
in the slags were measured accurately using electron probe X-ray microanalysis (EPMA). The phase equilibria of the system
have been characterized at oxygen partial pressures between 10−5 atm and 10−7 atm at selected temperatures between 1473 K and 1623 K (1200 °C and 1350 °C). The effects of oxygen partial pressure and temperature
on the compositions of phases in the slags are presented. 相似文献
5.
Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B - To provide fundamental information on the phases and microstructures formed during sintering, a liquid with a bulk composition within the silico ferrite... 相似文献
6.
Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B - Phase equilibria of the ternary CaO-ZnO-SiO2 system have been investigated at 1170 °C to 1691 °C for oxide liquid in equilibrium... 相似文献
7.
M. Bogovac M. Jakšić D. Wegrzynek A. Markowicz 《Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section B, Beam interactions with materials and atoms》2009,267(12-13):2073-2076
Capabilities of spectroscopic ion beam analysis (IBA) techniques that are available in ion microprobe facilities can be greatly improved by the use of digital pulse processing. We report here development of a digital multi parameter data acquisition system suitable for IBA imaging applications. Input signals from charge sensitive preamplifier are conditioned by using a simple circuit and digitized with fast ADCs. The digitally converted signals are processed in real time using FPGA. Implementation of several components of the system is presented. 相似文献
8.
G. Kalinka M. Novák A. Simon Ž. Pastuović M. Jakšić Á.Z. Kiss 《Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section B, Beam interactions with materials and atoms》2009,267(12-13):2203-2207
The spectral deterioration of Hamamatsu S5821 silicon photodiodes for ion types and energies frequently used in Ion Beam Analysis was investigated. Focused proton beams with energies 430 keV and 2 MeV were applied to generate radiation damage via an area selective ion implantation in unbiased diodes at room temperature. The variations of spectroscopic features were measured “in situ” by Ion Beam Induced Current (IBIC) method as a function of fluence, within the 109–5 × 1012 ion/cm2 range and diode bias voltages, between 0 and 100 V.An empirical model has been developed to describe the radiation damage. Equations are derived for the variations of the normalized peak position and peak width. The derived empirical equations are physically correct, as far as they account for the superposition of the influence of charge carrier trapping by native and radiation-induced defects and for the effect of charge carrier velocity saturation with electric field strength, as well. 相似文献
9.
This paper presents design, fabrication and performance testing results of the micro displacement capacitive microsensor fabricated by femtosecond laser machining technology. The microsensor having overall dimensions of 1,275 (W)×1,153 (L) μm consisted of 20 pairs of comb fingers of 24 (W)×300 (L) μm with a gap between the fingers of 6 μm, suspension springs, inertial mass and support anchors. The sensor structure was fabricated from a 25 μm thick tungsten foil. The fabricated microsensor was able to deliver 230 fF capacitance variations for measured displacements up to 25 μm. The results on the performance testing and geometry evaluation under pins the laser micromachining technology as an effective tool to fabricate miniature functional components and mechanisms. The developed microsensor can be used for micro/nano scale displacement measurements in MEMS applications. 相似文献
10.
An equation has been derived which relates the current efficiency of chlorate production to the operational parameters of the process and the constants connected with the events in the diffusion layer of the anode. The latter have been estimated using available literature data and the equation has been tested for the temperature dependence of current efficiency by comparison with experimental results. A fair degree of agreement has been achieved.Partly presented at the XXth CITCE Meeting, Strasbourg 1969. 相似文献