井筒内煤粉对单相流煤层气井井底流压的影响

根据煤层气井井底流压的分段计算方法,考虑井筒内煤粉含量和流体流动对井底流压的影响,建立了上行气固两相压差模型和下行液固两相压差模型,给出了考虑井筒内煤粉和流体流动的井底压力计算方法,并分析了井筒内煤粉对井底压力的影响,结果表明:井筒内煤粉对煤层气井井底压力的影响不可忽略。通过实例分析,当井筒内煤粉含量为3%时,由煤粉和流体流动引起的压差最大为0.147MPa,平均压差为0.13MPa。根据实测的井底流压通过该计算方法可以反求井筒内煤粉的含量,即根据井底压力的变化可以监测井筒内煤粉浓度的变化;依据煤粉排出量,可以得到未排出煤粉的量,进而估算未排出而沉积井底的煤粉量,得到埋泵所需时间,为修井作业提供参考。     

剪切闸板防喷器剪切钻杆断口凸起高度评估

被剪钻杆断口的变形程度是评价剪切闸板防喷器剪切性能的重要依据之一,直接关系到钻杆的再循环利用和作业效率,而被剪钻杆断口凸起高度又是断口变形程度的重要方面。为了对被剪钻杆断口凸起高度做出合理评估,以钻杆为研究对象,依据运动学基本规律建立剪切闸板的运动方程,综合考虑作业参数,以坐标转换公式的矩阵形式和滑移线理论为基础,分别给出由单剪切点导致被剪钻杆断口在任意时刻及最终凸起高度的理论预测式,继而确定断口凸起位置并建立冲击块导致被剪钻杆断口凸起高度的理论评估模型。用剪切闸板防喷器进行剪切CT90管的剪切试验,获得CT90管的断口数据对评估模型进行验证,结果表明所建立的评估模型与剪切试验获得的断口凸起高度的相对误差在10%以内,具有较高的可靠性和适用性。分析V型角、刃口倒角等剪切闸板冲击块关键结构参数及钻杆结构尺寸对被剪钻杆断口凸起高度的影响规律,研究表明钻杆断口凸起高度随着V型角的增大而增加,随着刃口倒角的增大呈波浪形变动,且波谷逐步增加,刃口倒角在20 °时,钻杆断口凸起高度最小,钻杆断口凸起高度随着剪切点至V型角中心点的长度增加而增加。在满足井控要求的情况下,设计剪切闸板时,冲击块的刃口倒角以20 °为宜,V型角越小越好并尽可能地缩短剪切点至V型角中心点的长度。钻杆断口凸起高度随着钻杆内径及壁厚的增大而增大,在满足钻采的要求下,钻杆宜选用小通径薄壁钻杆。     

晶体形态数据结构的研究

根据极平投影绘晶体形态的特点，建立了一种数据结构———单链三表结构，此结构由面表、线表、点表组成，能充分反映晶体形态的拓扑信息和几何信息，并在此基础上设计了一种适合于变换和消隐处理的数据结构     

Effects of response task and accessory stimuli on redundancy gain: Tests of the hemispheric coactivation model.

Two experiments tested predictions of the hemispheric coactivation model for redundancy gain (J. O. Miller, 2004). Simple reaction time was measured in divided attention tasks with visual stimuli presented to the left or right of fixation or redundantly to both sides. Experiment 1 tested the prediction that redundancy gain--the decrease in reaction time when 2 stimuli are presented rather than 1--should increase when the response requires a greater degree of bilateral control by both hemispheres. In different blocks, the response was made with the left hand, the right hand, or both hands simultaneously. In accordance with the model, redundancy gain was larger with bimanual than with unimanual responses. Experiment 2 tested and found support for the prediction that redundancy gain should decrease when both hemispheres are activated by an irrelevant auditory accessory stimulus. Thus, the results support the hemispheric coactivation model. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

同心双管柱受力分析及变形计算

在油气井冲砂、排酸等井下作业中,同心双管柱具有广阔的应用前景。根据流体力学、弹性力学等理论建立了同心双管柱的力学、数学模型,比较全面地考虑了同心双管柱作业时受到的各种作用因素,推导出同心双管柱变形量的计算方法。计算结果表明,同心双管柱在压差、浮重、摩擦力、温差和膨胀综合作用下发生变形,对其使用和安全性能产生影响;在实际工程中,由于套管和管柱的摩擦作用以及井斜角的影响,同心双管柱的实际变形量要小于理论计算值;当外油管缩短内油管伸长达到一定值时,内油管发生屈曲变形,需要做管柱的变形补偿设计。     

A design for integration

For nearly two decades, the development of computerized information systems has struggled for acceptable compromises between the unattainable "total system" and the unacceptable separate applications. Integration of related applications is essential if the computer is to be exploited fully, yet relative simplicity is necessary for systems to be implemented in a reasonable time-scale. This paper discusses a system being progressively developed from minimal beginnings but which, from the outset, had a highly flexible and fully integrated system basis. The system is for batch processing, but can accommodate on-line data input; it is similar in its approach to many transaction-processing real-time systems.     

煤层气井低压非临界流下嘴流规律分析

井口嘴流规律对于确立储层、井筒压力与气井产量变化规律具有重要意义。为此,根据现场井口喷嘴建立理论计算模型,采用理论计算模型与Fluent软件仿真分析相结合的方法,并耦合温度变化的影响,研究煤层气井井口非临界流下嘴流流场情况,得到煤层气低压非临界流井口嘴流压降和温度的耦合变化规律:在非临界单相流状态下,随着喷嘴直径和开度的减小、煤层气流量的增大,压降逐渐增大,反之压降逐渐降低;煤层气井井口喷嘴节流效应引起温度降低,受流量及喷嘴开度的影响,当开度为5 mm、喷嘴流量在4000 m^3/d以上时,喷嘴流量每增加500 m^3/d,喷嘴出入口温度降低1℃,而且开度越小,温降越明显。研究结果可为煤层气井动压调节增产措施的制订提供理论依据。     

煤层气井管式泵临界沉没度试验分析

建立了煤层气井管式泵泵阀开启的临界条件模型,通过泵阀的水力损失计算,以最大水力损失作为泵阀开启的最低条件,得到了泵在不同工况条件下的临界沉没度。借助煤层气排采井模拟试验系统进行试验,得到了不同冲次下沉没度与泵效和排液量的关系曲线。分析试验曲线可知,随着冲次的提高,泵的临界沉没度增加,泵效降低,主要原因是随着冲次的提高,固定阀的损失增大,导致临界沉没度增大;冲次变化对临界沉没度影响较小,临界沉没度受到泵径的影响,泵径不同临界沉没度不同;煤层气井排采时可以根据泵效变化率的大小选择合理的沉没度。     

Factors that influence consumers’ acceptance of future energy systems: the effects of adjustment type,production level,and price

To promote the successful introduction of sustainable energy systems, more insight is needed into factors influencing consumer’s acceptance of future energy systems. A questionnaire study among 139 Dutch citizens (aged 18–85) was conducted. Participants rated the acceptability of energy systems made up of four varying system attributes: type of energy (renewable or fossil), price (remains stable vs. 25 % increase), adjustments in use (convenience technology or consumers themselves decide on what to change), and production level (energy is produced at a central vs. community vs. household level). Conjoint analyses were conducted to determine the overall acceptability of future energy systems, the relative importance of the various attributes for acceptability, and preference for levels within each attribute. Interesting patterns were uncovered: participants preferred making adjustments in use themselves (autonomous), rather than relying on technology to make the changes for them. Consumers did not exhibit a clear preference for any of the presented production levels, indicating that they would be open to change in this energy system attribute. Because participants preferred energy systems in which adjustments in use are made autonomously and because adjustment type was very important for overall acceptability of energy systems, technological developers and policy makers should take this into consideration.     

滨海新区浅层地热能利用方式适宜性分区评价

针对天津市滨海新区,对浅层地热能利用方式(地下水地源热泵、地埋管地源热泵)适宜性分区评价进行探讨,获得了两种浅层地热能利用方式的分区范围和面积。该地区只有极少数区域适宜采用地下水地源热泵,绝大部分区域适宜或较适宜采用地埋管地源热泵。