传统手机顺利迈向尖端应用

把握市场挑战机遇手机在功能革新上正在以创记录的速度迈进。手机厂商所推出的新款产品必须具备最新的视频录放、3D 游戏、MP3 播放、高清晰照相等多媒体功能。在实现最新的多媒体功能的过程中,采用应用协处理器芯片是最为普遍和经济实用的方法,原因是它可以提供市场当前切实所需的功能集。选择正确的应用协处理器 (AC)合作伙伴是手机厂商们最为重要的决策之一。为了选择最佳的器件,各厂商应注重以下几个问题:?AC 提供商是否有经过实践证明的解决方案??器件能否灵活适应最新的需求变动??AC 提供商在下一代芯片的开发方面能否提供可持续…     

A new fabrication technique utilizing a composite material applied to orthopedic bracing

An orthopedic brace fabrication and fitting technique was explored as a rapid and cost‐effective alternative process to polypropylene fabrication. Other potential benefits could also be reduced weight and lower profile with the added advantage of allowing profile and firmness variation where desired. The novel process concept is based on the finding that a partially cured composite remains somewhat malleable. Clinicians conceivably can adjust an ankle‐foot brace to the patient directly before fully curing the brace. Flexure experiments assessed both the partial curing concept and the ability to post‐form. Results indicate that partial curing followed by ambient or heated adjustments and full curing compromises the strength by no more than 7%. However, adjustments resulted in a net displacement change averaging only 50% of that desired when heat was applied. It is also possible to post‐form the fully cured brace. This compromises the material strength significantly in the deformed area, but it may be feasible for minor adjustments where applied loads are not extreme. This research demonstrates the feasibility of the process as an alternative to current techniques, especially for patients needing a strong brace.     

Segregation of optic axons based on central target: the medial optic tract in Rana pipiens

The electrophysiological integrity of the adult rat spinal cord was assessed at the lumbar, lower cervical and cortical levels after the animals sustained a severe contusion injury at the mid-thoracic level (T8) and received either carbon filament cultured with fetal spinal cord tissue implants, fetal tissue implants, or carbon filament implants alone. Somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs) and motor evoked potentials (MEPs) were recorded from all animal groups at the end of the 8-week survival period. The results of this study demonstrate that the spinal cord injured animals that received carbon filament cultured with fetal spinal cord tissue implants had the highest degree of electrophysiological recovery, indicating that this combination plays an important role in promoting recovery after injury.     

The evaluation of a sexual assault risk reduction program: A multisite investigation.

This article summarizes the results of the Ohio University Sexual Assault Risk Reduction Project, which is a program designed to reduce college women's risk for sexual assault. The program was evaluated at 2 separate universities with 762 women. Participants were randomly assigned either to the program or to the no-treatment comparison group, and they completed measures that assessed sexual victimization, dating behaviors, sexual communication, and rape empathy at the pretest and at the 2-month and 6-month follow-ups. At the 2-month follow-up, there were no differences between the groups on any of the outcome measures. However, those women who were moderately victimized during the 2-month follow-up were significantly less likely to be revictimized during the 6-month follow-up period if they participated in the program. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Pathways from proactive and reactive aggression to substance use.

Childhood aggression is a known risk factor for adolescent substance use; however, aggression is a complex construct, and developmental researchers have identified a variety of subdimensions that may be germane to substance use. Very little research has examined risk pathways from subdimensions of aggression. The current study examined a developmental model and tested whether childhood proactive aggression, reactive aggression, or both were related to the development of substance use in adolescence in a sample of 126 children (mean age at initial assessment = 10.4 years, SD = 0.51). Peer rejection and peer delinquency were examined as potential mediators of these relations. The findings suggest that proactive aggression was indirectly associated with substance use through peer delinquency. Reactive aggression was also indirectly associated with substance use through a complex mediational chain, such that high levels of reactive aggression were associated with high levels of peer rejection, which in turn were associated with peer delinquency (p = .06), which subsequently predicted substance use. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A Gas-Actuated Anthropomorphic Prosthesis for Transhumeral Amputees

This paper presents the design of a gas-actuated anthropomorphic arm prosthesis with 21 degrees of freedom and nine independent actuators. The prosthesis utilizes the monopropellant hydrogen peroxide as a gas generator to power nine pneumatic type actuators. Of the nine independent actuators, one provides direct- drive actuation of the elbow, three provide direct-drive actuation for the wrist, and the remaining five actuate an underactuated 17 degree of freedom hand. This paper describes the design of the prosthesis, including the design of small-scale high-performance servovalves, which enable the implementation of the monopropellant concept in a transhumeral prosthesis. Experimental results are given characterizing both the servovalve performance and the force and/or motion control of various joints under closed-loop control.     

Optokinetic nystagmus in progressive retinal degeneration.

Studied optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) in normally pigmented and delayed amelanotic (DAM) strains of domestic chickens (N?=?18). The DAM line is characterized by postnatal feather and ocular depigmentation accompanied by progressive retinal degeneration that occurs, initially and most severely, in the central retina. Results indicate a close association between the extent of ocular pigment loss and relative reduction in OKN responsiveness in DAMs. The directional asymmetry of OKN responses, which normally occurs with monocular temporal-to-nasal (T–N) but not with N–T stimulation, was altered in relation to the extent of ocular amelanosis among DAMs. In particular, T–N OKN responses were progressively reduced as amelanosis of the central retina increased in severity. In DAMs with moderate to severe reductions in T–N responsiveness, relatively little reduction occurred in N–T responsiveness. The central retina, therefore, appears to play a major role in mediating responses to T–N stimulation, whereas the peripheral retina mediates both directions of response. (31 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Explaining discrepancies in arrest rates between Black and White male juveniles.

The authors investigated discrepancies in arrest rates between Black and White male juveniles by examining the role of early risk factors for arrest. Two hypotheses were evaluated: (a) Disproportionate minority arrest is due to increased exposure to early risk factors, and (b) a differential sensitivity to early risk factors contributes to disproportionate minority arrest. The study included 481 Black and White boys who were followed from childhood to early adulthood. A higher incidence of early risk factors accounted for racial differences related to any juvenile arrest, as well as differences in violence- and theft-related arrests. However, increased exposure to early risk factors did not explain race differences in drug-related arrests. Minimal support was found for the hypothesis that a differential sensitivity to risk factors accounts for disproportionate rate of minority male arrests. In sum, most racial discrepancies in juvenile male arrests were accounted for by an increased exposure to childhood risk factors. Specifically, Black boys were more likely to display early conduct problems and low academic achievement and experience poor parent–child communication, peer delinquency, and neighborhood problems, which increased their risk for juvenile arrest. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Children's beliefs about substance use: An examination of age differences in implicit and explicit cognitive precursors of substance use initiation.

Cognitive models conceptualize attitudes and beliefs about substance use (SU) as proximal mediators of a variety of risk and protective factors for SU. Researchers have distinguished implicit and explicit cognition, but limited research has examined this distinction in the early stages of SU. The authors' goal was to examine age differences in implicit and explicit SU cognitions to clarify proximal cognitive processes that may be involved in early SU. Alcohol- and cigarette-naive children (N=76; 69.7% male; M age=11.8 years) completed the laboratory-based experiment. Likelihood ratings of costs and benefits of use assessed explicit cognitions, and a priming task assessed implicit cognitions. Regardless of age, children perceived costs of drinking alcohol and smoking as more likely than benefits. This discrepancy was smaller for older children, although this age difference was weaker for costs and benefits of cigarette use. Strong positive implicit alcohol use cognitions were apparent regardless of age. However, age differences were found for implicit cigarette use cognition. Older children were more positive about cigarette use. Findings suggest the importance of distinguishing explicit and implicit cognition for etiological models of early SU. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)