Effects of order of presentation on perceptions of the counselor.

Attempted to determine whether the order in which 2 counselors were presented on videotape would affect ratings of their performances. 70 participants (63 women and 7 men) randomly assigned to 2 groups viewed and rated counseling interviews conducted by C. Rogers and E. L. Shostrom. Groups differed only in the order of presentation of counselors. The resulting 2?×?2 split-plot factorial design had 1 between-Ss factor (order of presentation) and 1 within-S factor (counselor). A multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) yielded a statistically significant interaction, indicating that the order in which counselors were evaluated significantly affected the magnitude of ratings of their performance. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

p38MAPK抑制剂增强阿霉素抑制乳腺癌细胞增殖的体外研究

以乳腺癌细胞株MCF-7为研究对象,经阿霉素及阿霉素联合p38MAPK抑制剂(SB20580)作用细胞,通过MTT法测定细胞存活率、光学显微镜观察细胞形态变化。实验数据显示相同药物浓度下,SB20580可以明显降低MCF-7细胞存活率。结果表明p38MAPK抑制剂可以促进阿霉素抑制细胞增殖的效果。     

Determination of trace isoflavone phytoestrogens in biological materials by capillary electrochromatography

Capillary electrochromatography using a specialty monolithic matrix was utilized in developing a rapid and highly efficient separation of isoflavones in biological materials. Without a preconcentration technique, it is relatively easy to reach ppm-ppb concentrations of these compounds in soy-based foods and verify them structurally using a photodiode array detector. With on-column preconcentration, we were able to measure low-ppb levels in human serum. Using blood samples from human volunteers, whose diet was supplemented by a soy-based product, the method has been validated for high-throughput screening of isoflavones in clinical studies.     

Identification of genes expressed in the rat prostate that are modulated differently by castration and Finasteride treatment

In mammals, testosterone and 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) are the principal male hormones (androgens). Testosterone is the most abundant circulating androgen, and is converted in specific tissues to DHT by the 5alpha-reductase enzymes. Although each of these androgens binds to the same receptor protein (androgen receptor, AR), each exerts biologically distinct effects. Theories to explain the specific effects of testosterone and DHT have centered on kinetic differences of binding of androgens to the receptor or differences in the metabolic fates of the two hormones. In the current experiments, differential display PCR (ddPCR) was used to identify genes regulated differently by testosterone and DHT. Adult male rats were treated as follows: castrated, treated with Finasteride (an inhibitor of 5alpha-reductase) or left intact for ten days. RNA was prepared from the dissected prostates of these animals and used for ddPCR. Genes exhibiting four distinct patterns of regulation were observed among the mRNAs. Class 1 genes showed equivalent expression in intact and Finasteride-treated animals, but were absent in castrated animals (mRNAs D1, D2, D6, D10). Class 2 genes showed higher expression in intact animals, intermediate levels following Finasteride treatment, but were absent in castrated animals (mRNA D8). Two classes of gene were particularly intriguing: class 3 showed gene expression only in the intact animal (mRNA D7, D9) and class 4 showed increased gene expression following Finasteride treatment (mRNA D3). While the patterns observed for some of these genes (e.g. D8) suggest that the different biological effects of testosterone and DHT may be due to the lower affinity of the AR for testosterone and limiting tissue concentrations of androgen, our results also suggest that some genes expressed in the rat prostate may be regulated in fundamentally different ways in response to testosterone and DHT.     

Variability across sources of performance ratings: Further evidence.

33 1st-yr graduate students (aged 21–55 yrs) completed a simulated counseling interview. Self-, peer, and supervisor ratings were obtained for the simulated interviews using 7 measures of counseling performance. A multiple analysis of variance (MANOVA) indicated statistically significant differences among self-, peer, and supervisor ratings. Analyses also showed significant differences on 4 of the 7 dependent measures. Implications for training are discussed. (23 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Biofilms on indwelling urethral catheters produce quorum-sensing signal molecules in situ and in vitro

Acylated homoserine lactones (AHLs) are chemical signals that mediate population density-dependent (quorum-sensing) gene expression in numerous gram-negative bacteria. In this study, gram-negative bacilli isolated from catheters were screened for AHL production by a cross-feeding assay utilizing an AHL-responsive Agrobacterium tumefaciens reporter strain. Positive reactions were obtained from 14 isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa; negative or weakly positive reactions were recorded for isolates of five other species. P. aeruginosa biofilms were then produced on catheters in a physical model of the bladder. Sections of colonized all-silicone catheters gave positive reactions for the quorum-sensing signal molecules as did sections that had been cleaned of biofilm and autoclaved. Control sections of unused catheters were negative in the tests. Sections from four of nine catheters that had been freshly removed from patients gave positive reactions for AHLs. Cleaned autoclaved sections of three of these catheters also gave strongly positive reactions for AHLs. These results demonstrate that AHLs are produced by biofilms as they develop on the catheters both in vitro in the model and in vivo in the patient's bladder. They represent the first demonstration of AHL production by biofilms in a clinical setting.