A comparative study of the effects of data reduction on terrain cover mapping from LANDSAT

Abstract

Using LANDSAT-1 data for an area around Esfahan, central Iran, the effect which an hierarchical cascaded clustering algorithm has upon terrain cover classification is examined.     

An instability theorem in the large

It is often difficult to construct a definite V(X) function which has a definite time-derivative. Also in practice it is often found that a simple, definite Liapunov function V(X), defined over some region It of state-space containing the equilibrium point, produces a time-derivative, V(X), which is either semi-definite over R or definite over a very restricted part of R. Thus neither asymptotic stability nor instability can be deduced throughout R. If a decreasing, definite V(X) functional is chosen, then this theorem enables instability to be determined if V(X) is semi-definite.     

ACCOUNTABILITy AND CENTRALIZATION AS CONCEPTUAL TOOLS FOR UNDERSTANDING COMMUNITy POWER STRUCTURES*

The relationship between centralization of power and decision making in local communities is examined, beginning with Clark's generalization that the direction of the relationship depends on the type of decision (separable or public). This generalization accounts well for his own data and for the findings of earlier research. Selected findings from a study of responses to de facto school segregation are reanalyzed. Most are consistent with the centralization hypothesis, but anomalous findings point to issues in conceptualizing centralization. In particular, “centralized” power structures differ in terms of accountability, i.e. the degree to which they incorporate rather than exclude diverse elements. Accountable “centralization” is distinguished from unaccountable “oligarchy” and two approaches to developing this distinction more fully and concretely are suggested.     

A Comparison of Some Properties of Beef and Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) Meat

Assessments were made of the meat properties of four muscles of differing connective tissue content, from both Achilles tendon-hung and tenderstretched (suspended from the sacrosciatic ligament) sides of buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) and Brahman–cross steers of similar mean age (51 months) and carcass weight (ca 230 kg). Color measurements indicated that muscles from buffalo were darker although ultimate pH values of the groups did not differ. Adhesion, compression, and Warner-Bratzler peak shear force minus initial yield force values were significantly greater in buffalo than in beef muscles; indicating greater connective tissue contribution to toughness of buffalo meat. Taste panel assessment of muscles of relatively low connective tissue content in beef, indicated that generic differences in tenderness were slight although buffalo meat was less juicy than beef. Flavor and overall acceptability of buffalo meat were significantly less than for beef.     

Microhardness of NaCl Bicrystals

Microhardness measured on cleaved surfaces of nominally pure and lightly calcium-doped NaCl bicrystals showed a modest increase at the grain boundary that could be attributed to segregation of calcium and a larger increase in both bulk and boundary produced by rapid cooling. Variations observed due to the influence of moisture, to nonuniform quenching rate, and to precipitation at the boundary suggest that the quench hardening is due to residual impurity other than calcium.