Bis-(1-chlor-3-phenoxy-prop-2-yl)-sulfane – Nucleophile Substitution und Regiochemie,Diastereomerentrennung und -zuordnung. Synthese diastereomerenreiner Trithiacyclen

Bis-(1-chloro-3-phenoxy-prop-2-yl)-sulfanes – Nucleophilic Displacement and Regiochemistry. Separation and Assignment of Diastereomers. Synthesis of Diastereomerically Pure Trithiacycles The title compounds 1 were substituted by a series of O-, N- and S-nucleophiles (H₂O solvolysis, AgOAc, NaN₃, KSCN, NaSPh, thiourea). A strong tendency to β-elimination of HCl depending on the kind of the attacking nucleophile was found. In most cases no regioisomerization could be detected in the isolated products of the nucleophilic displacement. Best results were obtained with sulfur nucleophiles. The separation of the diastereomeric mixture of the p-kresyl derivative 1b into the individual diastereomers 1bA and 1bB in a preparative scale was achieved. These 3-thia-1,5-dichlorides and several products of substitution could be assigned to the meso- or (±)-form by examination of the stereochemistry and symmetry of the corresponding sulfoxides. The 1,5-dimercapto derivatives 8 are convenient as structural units for the synthesis of diastereomerically pure cis- or trans-disubstituted trithiacycles e.g. 15bA , 15bB . The (±)-form of the 4,6-disubstituted 2,5,8-trithia[9]-(2,6)-pyridinophane 16bA was characterized by X-ray crystal structure determination.     

Frequency of psychotherapeutic session as a factor affecting outcome: Analysis of clinical ratings and test results.

2 groups of 4 boys each, 6.8-10.5 yr. old, referred for learning disturbances were seen either in once-a-wk or in 4-times-a-wk psychoanalytic psychotherapy. Ss seen more frequently showed greater ego flexibility by the end of treatment, as well as a more adequate level of ego integration during the follow-up period. Analysis of test results indicate that these same Ss improved at a faster rate in tests of reading, spelling, and vocabulary, and responded more flexibly to the Rorschach cards. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A new land cover map of central Africa derived from multi-resolution,multi-temporal AVHRR data

We describe a new map of the central Africa region that was derived from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (NOAA AVHRR) observations using a fusion of Local Area Coverage (LAC, 1 km), Global Area Coverage (GAC, 8 km), and ancillary information. The land cover map, produced for the Central Africa Regional Program for the Environment (CARPE), offers a synoptic view of the extent of central African dense humid forests, at relatively fine spatial resolution. Land cover types include dense humid forest, disturbed or degraded forest and various savanna classes. Ancillary information includes political and park boundaries, settlements, rivers and roads. Map validation was performed using a combination of field visits and finer resolution imagery (Landsat Multi-Spectral Scanner (MSS)). Forest cover type mapping errors were at most 20 per cent. The resulting map is useful for addressing a number of resource management issues, a few of which are examined.     

Pre- and postbirth antecedents of 2-year-old attention, capacity for relationships, and verbal expressiveness.

46 families were followed from midpregnancy to child age 2 yrs. At midpregnancy mothers were interviewed and completed the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) and the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI). Various forms of data were collected at 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 mo postbirth, including observations in the home and infant assessment, using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development. Results indicate that the pattern of antecedents and correlates differed as a function of the criteria chosen. Thus, the 2-yr-olds' attention was not significantly influenced by the concurrent parent stimulation of cognitive and verbal experiences, but the most impressive determinants consisted of 2 forms of early child behavior, 1-mo positive vocalization and 6-mo attention, as well as prebirth maternal IQ. By contrast, the 2-yr-olds' modulation of aggression was not only an integral part of a concurrent set of relationship variables but the significant antecedents stressed prebirth parent characteristics having a high potential for promoting a positive, emotionally responsive relationship with the child (warmth, adaptation–competence, husband–wife adaptation), whereas the postbirth antecedents were highlighted by parents responding successfully to the needs of an increasingly soothable infant. (33 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Toward generic principles of treating parents and children: Integrating psychotherapy with the school-aged child and early family intervention.

Generic principles governing the outcome and process of the treatment of children and their families can be generated from both research on the psychotherapy of school-aged children and early family intervention. Evidence indicates that the amenability of the child or parent to treatment and the comprehensiveness, duration, and intensity of the helping process are significant parameters. Definition of significant early family intervention roles allows linkage to various therapeutic roles with school-aged children and forces the recognition that most treatment situations involve more roles than are officially recognized. This articulation of the profile of intervention roles among poverty level, 1st-time parents at risk for neglecting their infant drew on several bodies of theory: psychoanalytic, cognitive, behavioral, social cognitive, and positive reinforcement principles, and advocacy and direct assistance as used in clinical social casework. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Partner support as a mediator of intervention outcome

Following up on previous work demonstrating that an intervention with at-risk mothers made a positive impact on the quality of mothers' partner support, responsiveness to the needs of the child, the child's expectation of being cared for, and child's response to a brief separation, the present paper examines whether quality of the mother's partner support mediated the impact of the intervention on these outcomes.     

Developments in solar cell generators

The European satellite projects of today and the near future, to be applied for measuring tasks demanding highest accuracy or used in missions of extended lifetime, have stimulated the development of new solar cell module concepts.     

The Vaxonline Software System at Fermilab

The VAXONLINE software system, started in late 1984, is now in use at 12 experiments at Fermilab, with at least one VAX or MicroVax. Data acquisition features now provide for the collection and combination of data from one or more sources, via a list-driven Event Builder program. Supported sources include CAMAC, FASTBUS, Front-end PDP-11's, Disk, Tape, DECnet and other processors running VAXONLINE. This paper describes the functionality provided by the VAXONLINE system, gives performance figures and discusses the ongoing program of enhancements.     

Auswirkungen der Fassungssanierung der Wettinquelle, Bad Brambach, auf die Altersstruktur des Mineralwassers

Während und nach der Rekonstruktion der Wettinquelle in Bad Brambach im Jahre 1999 wurden umfangreiche Untersuchungen zur Tritiumkonzentration und der spezifischen Leitfähigkeit des Quellwassers durchgeführt, die eine Zunahme der Sensitivität hydrochemischer Parameter der Mineralquelle gegenüber Druckschwankungen im Grundwasserleiter belegen. Mischungsberechnungen auf Basis der spezifischen Leitfähigkeit zeigen, dass im speziellen Fall kurzfristig zufließende oberflächennahe Grundwässer mithilfe der Tritium-Altersverteilung allein nicht identifiziert werden können. In diesem Zusammenhang konnten eine Mischwasserkomponente mit ca. 4 TU in geringer Tiefe sowie an einer benachbarten Tiefbohrung ein tritiumfreies Mineralwasser in 135 m Tiefe nachgewiesen werden. Zumischungen jüngerer Anteile bei hydrologischen Extremereignissen beeinflussen vorwiegend die erstere Komponente. Ungeachtet der Fassungssanierung sind die langfristig herausgebildeten balneologisch-hygienischen Eigenschaften des Wasser der Wettinquelle praktisch unverändert geblieben. Dazu trägt nicht zuletzt der konsequente Grundwasserschutz vor Ort bei.