Evolution of gypsy-group retrotransposons: phylogenetic analysis of domains included in the pol-polyprotein

Transposons of gypsy group are assigned to LTR-containing retrotransposons present in the genomes of invertebrates, fungi, and plants. In this work, a theoretical analysis of the potential products of ORFs of these retrotranposons was conducted. Alignments were obtained and trees of similarity were constructed for domains of the POL region. On the basis of the obtained data, two hypothetically monophyletic subgroups of transposons were distinguished within the framework of the gypsy group, settling the genomes of taxonomically related organisms (the subgroup of "true" gypsy of insects and the subgroup of gypsy-like transposons of plants and fungi). A number of peculiarities of the topology of these trees hypothetically indicate cases of genetic conversion and recombination of domains accompanying the evolution of this group. The amino acid substitution fixation rate was evaluated on the basis of comparison of sequences of the protein products of ORFs. Estimates of the time of divergence of subgroups of gypsy-group transposons are significantly less than estimates of the times of divergence of their host species. One explanation for this discrepancy might be the hypothesis of settlement by transposons of the genomes of isolated host species.     

Intelligent technologies of high-performance computing

This article analyzes mathematical and technological problems that arise in performing computational experiments on modern high-performance computers (supercomputers). As a means of overcoming the difficulties associated with the analysis and solution of computer model problems under conditions of approximate initial data on computers with parallel architectures, intelligent technologies are proposed that are based on intelligent software supported by architectural decisions of an intelligent computer and predictive system software.     

Intellectual Computers as a Tool for Investigation and Solution of Scientific and Technical Problems

The state of the art in the development of advanced supercomputers is considered, spheres of utilization of supercomputers are analyzed, and difficulties arising during computer solution of scientific and engineering problems with increasing their dimensions are described. Advantages of intelligent computers that are designed to solve scientific and engineering problems over traditional parallel MIMD-computers based on the same circuit technology are demonstrated.     

Photoelectrochemical Activity of Nanosized Titania,Doped with Bismuth and Lead,in Visible Light Region

Protection of Metals and Physical Chemistry of Surfaces - A method for the preparation of film coatings of titania doped with bismuth (Bi3+) and lead (Pb2+) ions, separately and simultaneously, has...