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排序方式: 共有103条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Verbruggen Frederick; Liefooghe Baptist; Vandierendonck André; Demanet Jelle 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2007,33(2):342
In the task-switching literature, it has frequently been demonstrated that although advance task preparation reduces the switch cost, it never really eliminates the switch cost. This remaining residual switch cost received much attention, and it has been argued that advance preparation is restricted in nature. In the present study, the role of task-cue presentation in the establishment of the residual switch cost was investigated. In 4 experiments, the cue was removed during the preparation interval, and it was hypothesized that this would encourage participants to complete advance task preparation. The results of all 4 experiments provided support for this hypothesis: When the cue was presented for a short time and then removed, the residual switch cost completely disappeared. This was found for different cue types. Furthermore, Experiment 3 demonstrated that it was not the presence of the cue itself but merely differences in advance task preparation that caused the effects. This suggests that advance task preparation is not as restricted in nature as previously assumed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
2.
During courtship, premolt female lobsters,Homarus americanus, choose a male and initiate a pair bond by repeated approaches to his shelter. The male allows such a female to share his shelter for about one week. This knowledge formed the basis to search for quantitative evidence for lobster sex pheromone(s) used in courtship: male cues to allow premolt females to identify a preferred male, and female cues to allow males to identify a premolt mature female. In each of four 1500-liter naturalistic aquaria, the behavioral responses of one female and two male lobsters to male and female lobster urine (0.5 ml) and body odor (20 ml) stimuli were observed. These stimuli were injected once or twice per day into a continuously flowing delivery tube attached to lobster shelters. Habituation to stimulus introduction—a serious problem in earlier experiments—was apparently avoided in the more natural social and physical environment we employed in these experiments. We demonstrated that male and female molt body odors contain different chemical substances: females responded to male molt body odor and males responded to female molt body odor but not vice versa. In general, male and female intermolt urine caused strong responses; however, females responded only weakly to male urine. This suggests that male and female urine are chemically different. Female urine and molt body odor caused a typically male high-on-legs response. These results show that molt body odors and intermolt urine contain sex-specific substances, which may be used in lobster courtship as well as other social interactions. 相似文献
3.
4.
Bj?rn Petter Jelle 《Journal of Materials Science》2012,47(18):6475-6496
Building materials, components and structures have to fulfil many functional demands during the lifetime of a building. Therefore,
it is important to require satisfactory durability of these materials, components and structures. In fact, one single material
failure may jeopardize whole components as well as structures. Unfortunately, experience shows that building products too
often do not satisfy the various requirements after a relatively short period of use, i.e. the expected service life is considerably
shorter than foreseen. This results in increased and large costs due to increased maintenance, extensive replacements of the
specific building products and any possible consequential building damages. In addition, health hazards with respect to both
risk and consequence may also become an issue. To avoid this, the solution is to apply building products which have properly
documented adequate and satisfactory long-term durability. That is, building products which have been subjected to long-term
natural outdoor climate exposure or appropriate accelerated climate ageing in the laboratory. This study examines the main
climate exposures and how these may be reproduced in the laboratory in various ways. Thus, crucial properties of building
products and their durability towards climate strains may be investigated within a relatively short time frame compared with
natural outdoor climate ageing. Examples of miscellaneous climate ageing laboratory apparatuses, ageing methods and building
product properties to be tested before, during and after ageing are given. A calculation method for estimating acceleration
factors is also discussed. Various ageing examples are shown and discussed. A special note is made towards accelerated climate
ageing of new and advanced materials being developed. Hence, this study addresses durability and the versatile and powerful
application of accelerated climate ageing which is an all too overlooked field within materials science and engineering. 相似文献
5.
In order to investigate the transmission properties in the whole solar spectrum for individual electrochromic layers in solid state devices incorporating polyaniline (PANI), Prussian Blue (PB) and tungsten oxide (WO3), the devices were fabricated with and without holes in the electrochromic coatings in several combinations. Both PANI and WO3 were deposited electrochemically on indium–tin oxide (ITO) glass substrates, while PB was deposited on top of the PANI coatings or directly on the ITO glass plates. Solid state devices were made by gluing the glass plates together with the solid polymer electrolyte poly(2-acrylamido-2-methyl-propane-sulphonic acid) (PAMPS), and thus, with and without holes in the three electrochromic coatings in different combinations, enabling us to study the optical properties of PANI, PB and WO3 separately, that is, the hole method. This method gives good qualitative, and to a certain degree quantitative, information, which may be of valuable help in designing electrochromic devices with specific tailor-made optical properties. 相似文献
6.
7.
Arnold P.O.S. Vermeeren Jelle Attema Evren Akar PhD Huib de Ridder Andrea J. von Doorn Çiğdem Erbuğ 《Human-Computer Interaction》2013,28(4):329-380
ABSTRACT This study explores issues of consistency and inspectability in usability test data analysis processes and reports. Problem reports resulting from usability tests performed by three professional usability labs in three different countries are compared. Each of the labs conducted a usability test on the same product, applying an agreed test protocol that was collaboratively developed by the labs. Each lab first analyzed their own findings as they always do in their regular professional practice. A few weeks later, they again analyzed their findings, but then everyone applied the same method (SlimDEVAN: a simplified version of DEVAN, a method developed for facilitating comparison of findings from usability tests in an academic setting). It was found that levels of agreement between labs did not improve when they all used SlimDEVAN, suggesting that there was inherent subjectivity in their analyses. It was found that consistency of single analyst teams varied considerably and that a method like SlimDEVAN can help in making the analysis process and findings more inspectable. Inspectability is helpful in comparative studies based on identified usability problems because it allows for tracing back findings to original observations as well as for laying bare the subjective parts of the data analysis. 相似文献
8.
Rudi Penne Luc Mertens Jelle Veraart 《Journal of Intelligent and Robotic Systems》2010,58(3-4):287-308
We investigate the localization of a camera subject to a planar motion with horizontal optical axis in the presence of known vertical landmarks. Under these assumptions, a calibrated camera can measure the distance to the viewed landmarks. We propose to replace the trilateration method by intersecting a pair of Chasles-Apollonius circles. In the case of square pixels but unknown focal length we introduce a new method to recover the camera position from one image with three vertical landmarks. To this end we consider virtual landmarks and Apollonius-like circles. We extend this method in order to deal with an unknown principal point by using four landmarks. 相似文献
9.
Keulen Ron F.; Adam Jos J.; Fischer Martin H.; Kuipers Harm; Jolles Jelle 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2002,28(3):515
Students participated in 3 experiments investigating the use of environment- and action-centered reference frames in selective reaching. They pointed to a green target appearing either with or without a red distractor. Target-distractor distance was manipulated, and distractor interference (difference between distractor trials and no-distractor trials) was measured in reaction time, movement time, and movement endpoint. Target-distractor distance determined the dominant frame of reference. Small distances evoked an environment-centered framework that encoded targets within an external context. Large distances evoked an action-centered framework that encoded targets relative to the start position of the hand. Results support the hypothesis that the brain represents spatial information in multiple frames of reference, with the dominant frame of reference being dependent on the task demands. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
10.
In this paper we introduce Dynamic Epistemic Logic, which is alogic for reasoning about information change in a multi-agent system. Theinformation structures we use are based on non-well-founded sets, and canbe conceived as bisimulation classes of Kripke models. On these structures,we define a notion of information change that is inspired by UpdateSemantics (Veltman, 1996). We give a sound and complete axiomatization ofthe resulting logic, and we discuss applications to the puzzle of the dirtychildren, and to knowledge programs. 相似文献