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1.
Reliable prediction of flooding conditions is needed for sizing and operating packed extraction columns. Due to the complex interplay of physicochemical properties, operational parameters and the packing-specific properties, it is challenging to develop accurate semi-empirical or rigorous models with a high validity range. State of the art models may therefore fail to predict flooding accurately. To overcome this problem, a data-driven model based on Gaussian processes is developed to predict flooding for packed liquid-liquid and high-pressure extraction columns. The optimized Gaussian process for the liquid-liquid extraction column results in an average absolute relative error (AARE) of 15.23 %, whereas the algorithm for the high-pressure extraction column results in an AARE of 13.68 %. Both algorithms can predict flooding curves for different packing geometries and chemical systems precisely. 相似文献
2.
3.
N. Jongen M. Donnet P. Bowen J. Lemaître H. Hofmann R. Schenk C. Hofmann M. Aoun‐Habbache S. Guillemet‐Fritsch J. Sarrias A. Rousset M. Viviani M.T. Buscaglia V. Buscaglia P. Nanni A. Testino J.R. Herguijuela 《化学工程与技术》2003,26(3):303-305
The synthesis of powders with controlled shape and narrow particle size distributions is still a major challenge for many industries. A continuous Segmented Flow Tubular Reactor (SFTR) has been developed to overcome homogeneity and scale‐up problems encountered when using batch reactors. Supersaturation is created by mixing the co‐reactants in a micromixer inducing precipitation; the suspension is then segmented into identical micro‐volumes by a non‐miscible fluid and sent through a tube. These micro‐volumes are more homogeneous when compared to large batch reactors leading to narrower size distributions, better particle morphology, polymorph selectivity and stoichiometry. All these features have been demonstrated on single tube SFTR for different chemical systems. To increase productivity for commercial application the SFTR is being “scaled‐out” by multiplying the number of tubes running in parallel instead of scaling‐up by increasing their size. The versatility of the multi‐tube unit will allow changes in type of precipitate with a minimum of new investment as new chemistry can be researched, developed and optimised in a single tube SFTR and then transferred to the multi‐tube unit for powder production. 相似文献
4.
Pyrolysis experiments were performed in high vacuum and under reduced air pressure (100 Pa). The volatile products of pure cellulose and cellulose containing various amounts of flame retardant 2,2′-oxybis (5,5-dimethyl-1,3,2-dioxaphosphorinane-2,2′-disulfide), i.e., Sandoflam 5060 of Sandoz AG, were studied by means of gas chromatography in combination with mass spectroscopy. The volatile products were characterized with infrared spectroscopy. The studied revealed that the incorporation of the flame retardant enhanced the water release and shifted the onset of this reaction to lower temperature. On the basis of these findings an explanation for the mechanism of flame retardancy in generated cellulose fibers modified with this particular flame retardant is attempted. From experiments with different residual air pressure the influence of oxygen on the primary processes of the pyrolytic degradation of cellulose is being discussed. 相似文献
5.
Peak-to-average power reduction in space division multiplexing based OFDM systems through spatial shifting 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
A new method to reduce the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) in space division multiplexing systems applying orthogonal frequency division multiplexing is proposed. The method applies spatial shifting to partial transmit sequences to achieve a decreased PAPR on all transmit branches. 相似文献
6.
Heidi Bernas Arie J. Plomp Johannes H. Bitter Dmitry Yu. Murzin 《Catalysis Letters》2008,120(1-2):8-13
The density functional theory (DFT/B3LYP) calculations were applied to investigate the interaction of a Pt6 particle with the ZSM-5 zeolite framework. The electronic structure of the metal particle is strongly affected by the interaction with basic framework oxygens and acid sites of the zeolite support. Adsorption on basic sites (Eads = 6 kcal/mol) favors the formation of the electron enriched metal cluster. Interaction of the platinum cluster with the acid site characterized by stabilization energy of 47 kcal/mol results in oxidation of the metal particle and suppression of Brønsted acidity of the support. The hypothesis is put forward that the oxidized platinum particle can function as an active site for the alkane isomerisation on platinum supported high silica zeolites. 相似文献
7.
Pre-pruning and Post-pruning are two standard techniques for handling noise in decision tree learning. Pre-pruning deals with noise during learning, while post-pruning addresses this problem after an overfitting theory has been learned. We first review several adaptations of pre- and post-pruning techniques for separate-and-conquer rule learning algorithms and discuss some fundamental problems. The primary goal of this paper is to show how to solve these problems with two new algorithms that combine and integrate pre- and post-pruning. 相似文献
8.
Johannes Jacobus Laas 《Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology incorporating Trenchless Technology Research》1998,13(1):23
A project was initiated from hypotheses that the use of longer and different types of tendon support could lead to improved control of tunnel deformation in changing stress fields. An extensive literature study was conducted. Subsequently a tunnel was supported with various lengths and types of cable tendons. The tunnel was subjected to mining-induced stress changes. Tunnel deformations were measured using instrumentation. Results from the literature study and tunnel deformation measurements indicated within context that: (1) long tendons or other support systems cannot substitute for good tunnel layout; (2) long tendons effect a retain-and-hold function while shorter tendons strengthen and reinforce highly fractured tunnel walls; (3) larger boreholes or weakergrout reduce support system stiffness; (4) cable tendons have high shear resistance and debonding tendency; (5) long tendons are beneficial in sidewalls but not the hangingwall, (6) long tendons induce a more stable sidewall deformation distribution; (7) the updip sidewall deformed less than downdip; (8) more deformation occurred with stress decrease than with stress increase. 相似文献
9.
H Riemer R Hainz C Stain G Dekan M Feldner-Busztin P Schenk C Müller K Sertl OC Burghuber 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1997,52(11):1014-1015
The case is described of a 58 year old man with systemic Whipple's disease with pericardial and pleural effusions and severe pulmonary hypertension. After three months of antibiotic treatment there was a complete resolution, not only of the symptoms known to be associated with Whipple's disease (diarrhoea, arthralgia, pericardial and pleural effusions), but also of pulmonary hypertension. 相似文献
10.
In-Situ and Real-Time Investigation of Columnar-to-Equiaxed Transition in Metallic Alloy 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
H. Nguyen-Thi G. Reinhart N. Mangelinck-Noël H. Jung B. Billia T. Schenk J. Gastaldi J. Härtwig J. Baruchel 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A》2007,38(7):1458-1464
In this article, we present a review of observations during Al-3.5 wt pct Ni alloy solidi.cation experiments performed at
the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) in Grenoble. These experiments provide direct access to dynamical phenomena
during columnar growth (initial transient and breakdown of a planar solid-liquid interface), and for the first time to the
transition from columnar-to-equiaxed microstructure (nucleation ahead of a columnar front and blocking of a columnar front
by an equiaxed microstructure) and fully equiaxed growth (propagation of an effective front). Based on these experimental
observations, critical parameters such as columnar growth velocity variation during the transition or equiaxed-grain diameter
are measured and discussed.
This article is based on a presentation made in the symposium entitled “Solidi.cation Modeling and Microstructure Formation:
In Honor of Prof. John Hunt,” which occurred March 13–15, 2006, during the TMS Spring Meeting in San Antonio, Texas, under
the auspices of the TMS Materials Processing and Manufacturing Division, Solidification Committee. 相似文献