Temperature Affects Astringency Removal and Recurrence in Persimmon

Astringency was removed from‘Triumph’persimmons by immersion in water at 40°C for 5 hr or 60°C, for 1 hr. Similar treatments at 20° and 80°C, had no effect on astringency reduction. Subsequent application of 80% CO₂ for 48 hr was effective for 20°C-treated fruit but not for 80° C-treated fruit, which became nonastringent only after exposure to acetaldehyde. Extending the 60°C treatment beyond 2 hr resulted in recurrence of astringency, which was not reduced by subsequent CO₂ treatment. Astringency also recurred in CO₂-treated non-astringent fruit, when exposed to high temperatures. The disappearance and recurrence of astringency correlated with amount of methanol-soluble tannins.     

THE PARADOX IN SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGY: EXTRA- AND INTRAMURAL.

DISCUSSES THE UNDEFINED STANDARDS OF TRAINING AND CERTIFICATION OF SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGISTS. THE NEED FOR A CLEAR ROLE AND UNIFORMITY IN TRAINING IS STRESSED. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)