Reaction time during cocaine versus alcohol withdrawal: longitudinal measures of visual and auditory suppression

Visual and auditory stimulus discrimination tasks, analogous to those used in the Reitan-Klove Sensory Perceptual Examination, were performed by 12 cocaine-dependent and 5 alcohol-dependent patients after 1 week, 3 weeks, and 3 months of verified abstinence. Sixteen control subjects, who were not substance-dependent, performed the same tasks after comparable intervals. During each task, either visual or auditory stimuli were presented in the left, in the right, or in both sensory fields. A simple key press was made to discriminate these conditions. Cocaine-dependent patients responded more slowly than control subjects during both tasks. The reaction-time slowing persisted across all three sessions, spanning a 3-month period of abstinence. There were no significant differences between the cocaine-dependent and control groups in response accuracy. In the context of other findings, these findings are interpreted as reflecting an enduring effect of prior cocaine dependence on motor as opposed to sensory functioning.     

Changes in the kinetics of the hemoglobin, total protein and DNA content in rat erythroid cells in experimental anemia. I. The peripheral blood

Cytophotometry of rat blood erythroid cells during anaemia, induced by phenylhydrazin (4-8 days from the beginning of injections), revealed that all forms of bone marrow containing haemoglobin were thrown into the blood. On its peak (4th day), the greatest contribution in blood haemoglobinization (50%) is made by microcytes. From the 5th day and up to the end of the restoration period the important role in this process is played by macrocytes. From the 6th day the role of normocytes increases, whose contribution by 8th day reaches 70% of the whole haemoglobin amount in blood. In contrary to anaemizated birds, whose erythroid cells ripen in blood, in rats all the transformations of erythron during anaemia are accomplished in bone marrow.     

基于网络学堂辅助高等数学教学的应用性研究简

本文针对网络学堂如何辅助高等数学课堂教学进行了研究,介绍了建设高等数学网络学堂的必要性,提出了建设高等数学网络学堂的途径,最后探讨了如何利用网络学堂提高高等数学教学质量。     

A new method for diffusion measurement in polymeric films based on a stacked sheet concept

PURPOSE: To develop and evaluate a simple, yet well defined, method to measure diffusion in semi-solids, i.e. polymeric materials. METHODS: The method was based on a concept where equivalent discs of polymeric films were cut and stacked on top of each other. The diffusion process was allowed to proceed unidimensionally through the stack of films perpendicular to the film surface. After an appropriate time, the stack was analysed disc by disc with respect to solute content and from the concentration profile so obtained the diffusion coefficient was calculated. RESULTS: An all-in-one device was developed, manufactured in stainless-steel, that cuts circular discs and stores each one successively in a "stack" in the cell compartment. CONCLUSIONS: Data from a silicone based system shows that the method, although simple, is accurate and reproducible.     

铋系半导体材料的光催化性能研究进展

光催化技术因其高效、绿色的优点,成为解决环境问题和能源危机的有效技术。研制性能优良的光催化剂是应用和发展光催化技术的研究核心之一。Bi系半导体光催化剂因其在可见光下具有良好的光催化性能而引起人们广泛的关注。为此,分类列举了几种常见的铋系光催化剂及其制备,综述了在光能利用率等方面通过掺杂改性取得的重大成果,并简要介绍了含高价铋的光催化剂的制备及其光催化性能。通过类比分析,从基础理论和实际应用方面提出了相关问题和展望。     

钢衬钢筋混凝土岔管在高水头电站的应用

在高水头水电站明岔管设计中 ,由于岔管的钢管壁较厚 ,给岔管的制作带来很大的困难。为此在大七孔电站钢岔管设计时 ,借鉴国内的钢衬钢筋混凝土管技术的经验 ,采用了钢衬钢筋混凝土岔管。解决了高水头岔管的设计及施工难题     

Alpha-adrenergic reactivity of the microcirculation in conscious spontaneously hypertensive rats

The goal of this study was to determine the functional distribution of alpha 1- and alpha 2-adrenoceptors in the striated muscle microcirculation. Experiments were performed in intact conscious spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) that were provided with a dorsal microcirculatory chamber to allow microvascular diameter measurements. Administration of selective alpha 1- and alpha 2-agonists, phenylephrine and azepexole, respectively, induced different patterns of microvascular constriction. alpha 1-Adrenoceptor stimulation showed a preferential constriction of large arteries and venules. The entire arteriolar microvasculature was sensitive to alpha 2-adrenoceptor stimulation, whereas the venular vessels did not respond to azepexole. The selective alpha 1- and alpha 2-antagonists prazosin and yohimbine showed patterns of vasodilator activity comparable to those of the corresponding agonists. The specificity of the drug-induced effects was verified by comparing their effects with those of graded hemorrhage, a non-pharmacological method for blood pressure lowering. In the range of blood pressure decreases comparable to that obtained by alpha-adrenoceptor antagonists, graded hemorrhage did not influence microvascular diameters. These results show a differential functional distribution of alpha 1- and alpha 2-adrenoceptors along the microvascular tree in striated muscle of conscious SHR.     

A comparison of thromboelastography with heparinase or protamine sulfate added in vitro during heparinized cardiopulmonary bypass

Thromboelastography (TEG) has been used after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) to diagnose excessive postoperative hemorrhage. Conventional TEG during CPB is not possible due to the sensitivity of the TEG to even small amounts of heparin, which produces a nondiagnostic tracing. The purpose of this study was to compare heparin neutralization using heparinase or protamine in TEG blood samples obtained during CPB. TEG testing was performed on 48 patients before, during and after CPB. Tissue plasminogen activator activity and antigen were measured on a subset of 32 patients. We found: 1) heparinase neutralized at least 10 IU/ml heparin while 1.6 ug/ml protamine neutralized up to 7 IU/ml heparin, 2) in samples with complete heparin neutralization by both methods, there was no significant difference in the R values, 3) while there was good correlation for other TEG parameters between heparinase and protamine treated samples, heparinase treatment produced shorter K values and higher angle, MA and A60, 4) while fibrinolysis was detected using both methods, heparinase treatment suppressed fibrinolysis in the TEG in both samples from patients and after in vitro addition of tissue plasminogen activator, 5) TEG was not a sensitive indicator of t-PA activity, detecting only 21% of samples with increased t-PA activity during bypass, and 5) heparinase was at least 100 times more expensive than protamine. We conclude that while both heparinase and protamine can be used to neutralize heparin in TEG samples obtained during CPB, protamine neutralization is more sensitive to fibrinolysis and less expensive, but the protamine dose must be carefully selected to match the heparin level used at individual institutions.