Computational method for investigation of solid fuel combustion in combustion chambers of a heat power plant

Solid fuel combustion in an actual combustion chamber using coal with an ash content of more than 40% for minimization of the deleterious effects (environmental pollution) of heat power plants on environment. The FLOREAN application package was used for simulation and determination of various parameters of combustion.     

Effects of Vanadium and Niobium on the Phase Composition of Titanium-Carbonitride-Base Cermets with Titanium–Nickel Binder

The phase composition of V- or Nb-containing titanium-carbonitride-base cermets with a TiNi binder was investigated, and the content of the alloying metal in the refractory base of the alloys was determined. The alloys were found to consist of three phases: refractory phase, TiNi, and -Ni₂V₃ or Nb _z Ni. The solubility of V in titanium carbonitride is very low, while that of Nb is fairly high and increases with Nb content. The phase composition of the cermets is shown to correlate with the Gibbs energies of formation of the constituent carbides.     

The efficacy of using millimeter-range electromagnetic radiation in chronic nonspecific pneumonia

By the year 2041, 11 million individuals 65 and over will reside in Canada. This drastic demographic change, coupled with the increasing acuity and complexity of the health care needs of seniors, creates an immense demand for nurses specialized in gerontology. But can gerontological nursing survive as a specialty and respond to this demand?     

Preparation, microstructure, and mechanical properties of TiC0.35N0.35-TiNi cermets

TiC_{0.35 ±0.04}N_{0.35 ±0.04}-TiNi cermets were prepared by liquid-phase sintering of TiG_≃0.5N_≃0.5 + TiNi + Ti powder mixtures and characterized by electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, and chemical analysis. The sintering conditions were optimized for different contents of the TiNi binder. The hardness, flexural strength, and average grain size of the cermets were determined.     

Selective hydrogenation on palladium-containing catalysts of byproduct phenylacetylene present in industrial fractions of styrene

The process of liquid-phase hydrogenation of the phenylacetylene byproduct in the industrial styrene fractions formed in different styrene manufacture stages at OAO Salavatnefteorgsintez was studied on specimens of the palladium-containing G-58E, APKGS-20E2, and KSVK catalysts. It was found that the KVSK catalyst, which is a silica glass-fiber matrix containing 0.2 wt % of dispersed palladium, was the most effective in the selective hydrogenation at atmospheric pressure and temperatures of 20–30°C of phenylacetylene present in the industrial fractions of styrene. It was shown that the minimal loss of styrene is attained in the case of phenylacetylene hydrogenation in the hydrocarbon condensate fraction.     

Changes in neurotransmitters in multiple sclerosis

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to identify the route of administration of 5-FU with the greatest pharmacological advantage in a rat model using non-invasive in vivo 19F nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. METHODS: 5-FU (50 mg/kg) was administered to anesthetized Wistar rats cannulated into the hepatic artery, portal vein or tail vein and 11 NMR spectra were acquired from the liver region to 60.5 min every 5.5 min. RESULTS: With systemic i.v. (tail vein) infusion, the 19F-NMR signal for 5-FU from the liver region peaked in the first spectrum (0-5.5 min), and then gradually decreased. The signal for the 5-FU catabolite alpha-fluoro-beta-alanine (FBAL) gradually increased to the sixth spectrum (0-33.0 min) and then plateaued. Following portal vein infusion the intensity of the first 5-FU spectrum was twice as high as that following i.v. infusion, but the intensity decreased and the FBAL signal increased gradually in the sixth spectrum as systemic i.v. infusion. In contrast, the intensity of the 5-FU signal following hepatic artery infusion was the same as that following portal vein infusion in the first spectrum, and maintained a strong intensity to the final spectrum (60.5 min). The FBAL signal was detected from the second spectrum following hepatic artery infusion, but its intensity was significantly weaker than that following i.v. or portal vein infusion. CONCLUSIONS: Hepatic arterial infusion resulted in the active form of 5-FU being present for a longer time and its degradation in the liver being suppressed compared with the results following portal vein infusion. This catabolic advantage of hepatic arterial infusion could lead to a more potent anti-tumor activity against liver metastases, but could also lead to significant host toxicity including biliary toxicity. We recommend that the dose/schedule of 5-FU administered via the hepatic artery should be adjusted carefully.