Liquid equilibria in the Fe–Ni–Mn system

New literature results on the liquid equilibria in the three edge binary systems make necessary a reconsideration and correction of liquidus surfaces of the γ and δ solid solutions hitherto outlined in the literature. Therefore, with respect to the critically reinterpreted edge binary systems, the shape of the stable liquidus surface of the γ and δ solid solutions has been newly outlined.     

Robot control: Tracking with the required settling time

A recently developed concept of the finite-time tracking is studied within the framework of robot control. All the robot non-linearities are incorporated. Finite-time tracking and tracking with the required settling time are defined. The general sufficient conditions for all these tracking features are proved. They provide algorithms for control assuring the special tracking property. Their application to a rotational robot is shown via digital simulation. The simulation results illustrate the theory developed in the paper and show the excellent tracking behaviour of the robot.     

Bounding the firing synchronization problem on a ring

In this paper we improve the upper and lower bounds on the complexity of solutions to the firing synchronization problem on a ring. In this variant of the firing synchronization problem the goal is to synchronize a ring of identical finite automata. Initially, all automata are in the same state except for one automaton that is designated as the initiator for the synchronization. The goal is to define the set of states and the transition function for the automata so that all machines enter a special fire state for the first time and simultaneously during the final round of the computation. In our work we present two solutions to the ring firing synchronization problem, an 8-state minimal-time solution and a 6-state non-minimal-time solution. Both solutions use fewer states than the previous best-known minimal-time automaton, a 16-state solution due to Culik. We also give the first lower bounds on the number of states needed for solutions to the ring firing synchronization problem. We show that there is no 3-state solution and no 4-state, symmetric, minimal-time solution for the ring.     

Untersuchungen zur Kinetik der Entschwefelung kohlenstoffgesättigten Eisens durch schwachbasische synthetische Hochofenschlacken bei gleichzeitiger Oxidation des Schwefels aus der Schlacke

Grundsätzliche Betrachtungen und experimentelle Untersuchungen bei 1400°C zur Kinetik des Schwefelüberganges aus kohlenstoffgesättigtem Eisen über die schwachbasische hochofenartige Schlacke in das stark oxidierende Gas mit den beiden Entschwefelungsreaktionen an der Phasengrenze Eisen–Schlacke unter reduzierenden Bedingungen und an der Phasengrenze Schlacke–Gas unter oxidierenden. Erklärung der verschiedenen Versuchsergebnisse mit der Modellvorstellung von zwei in der Schlackenschicht getrennten Reaktionsflächen.     

Evaluation of measurement precision in experimental methods

Conclusions The above method for evaluating the precision of measurements used in medicine can be applied to a wider range of measurements. It has only been possible, owing to the limited size of the article, to include in it an analysis of measurement accuracy, without dealing with other important problems, such as a comparison of various methods for their accuracy.