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Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Persisting deficits in rats "recovered" from transections of fibers which enter or leave hypothalamus laterally.

In a study with 36 female albino Sprague-Dawley rats, parasagittal knife cuts along the lateral border of the hypothalamus which transected most of the fibers that enter or leave the hypothalamus laterally reproduced the full spectrum of effects on food intake seen after lateral hypothalamic lesions. Ss were aphagic and adipsic for weeks or months and remained unresponsive to physiological signals that normally regulate feeding and drinking, even after voluntary ingestive behavior returned. Ss did not respond to insulin or 2-deoxy-D-glucose treatments (which decrease blood sugar or glucose utilization) and showed only a small increase in intake when exposed to low environmental temperatures. Food consumption appeared to be governed primarily by the palatability of the diet. Ss also did not respond to NaCl or polyethylene glycol treatments (which result in cellular dehydration or extracellular hypovolemia) and returned to a state of adipsia when food was removed. (30 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Dämpfen von Rundholz.—Erste Mitteilung: Papierchromatographische Untersuchungen an Dämpfkondensaten von Rotbuche

Ohne Zusammenfassung Mitteilung aus dem Forschungsinstitut für Holzwerkstoffe und Holzleime.     

A study of the microstructural evolution during selective laser melting of Ti–6Al–4V

Selective laser melting (SLM) is an additive manufacturing technique in which functional, complex parts can be created directly by selectively melting layers of powder. This process is characterized by highly localized high heat inputs during very short interaction times and will therefore significantly affect the microstructure. In this research, the development of the microstructure of the Ti–6Al–4V alloy processed by SLM and the influence of the scanning parameters and scanning strategy on this microstructure are studied by light optical microscopy. The martensitic phase is present, and due to the occurrence of epitaxial growth, elongated grains emerge. The direction of these grains is directly related to the process parameters. At high heat inputs it was also found that the intermetallic phase Ti₃Al is precipitated during the process.     

Control of human aggression: A comparative perspective.

Recent animal research has demonstrated that humans are not a uniquely aggressive species and that even in so-called violence-prone animals, aggression is always an optional strategy. Although some form of intraspecific aggression exists in every vertebrate species studied thus far, it is also true that all organisms have coevolved equally potent inhibitory mechanisms that enable them to use an aggressive strategy selectively or to suppress aggression when it is in their interest to do so. Parallel studies of aggression in children, assaultive adults, and even entire societies have suggested that humans are exquisitely sensitive to subtle social controls that could be used to reduce the frequency of individual acts of violence. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Acoustic emission monitoring results from the MFTF magnets

A technique for monitoring disturbances using acoustic emission (AE) in superconducting magnets was applied to the superconducting yin-yang magnet pair for the Mirror Fusion Test Facility (MFTF-B) at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL). Signals from twelve AE sensors mounted on the magnet were recorded during magnet charging tests.A minicomputer-based signal processing technique was then developed for real-time AE event detection, location, and characterization. Acoustic emission events caused by movement of conductors in the energized magnet windings or by structural disturbances such as epoxy cracking and debonding could be identified. The data recorded from the MFTF tests were then analysed.The results showed a wide range of AE activity detected by the sensors. Activity from structure and conductor motion showed different behaviour with increasing magnet current. Sensors mounted in the small radius regions of the magnet exhibited the highest levels of activity, agreeing with analysis of maximum loads and independent magnet voltage monitoring results.     

Importance of crosslinking and disulfide bridge reduction for the mechanical properties of rigid wheat gluten bioplastics compression molded with thiol and/or disulfide functionalized additives

Thiol (SH) containing additives improve the mechanical properties of rigid, glassy gluten materials. However, the underlying molecular mechanism is still unclear. In particular, the importance of the preceding gluten‐additive mixing conditions remains to be investigated. Here, different additives containing either only SH, only disulfide or both SH and disulfide functionalities were synthesized and their impact on the gluten network using different mixing conditions prior to subsequent molding were assessed. All SH containing additives decreased the gluten molecular weight (MW) during mixing to a degree depending on the conditions. Additives with only disulfide functionality did not significantly affect protein size during mixing irrespective of the conditions used. Only when mixing induced sufficient MW reduction did the strength and failure strain of rigid gluten materials increase. This shows that factors other than the degree of cross‐linking affect the strength of rigid gluten materials. These results support our hypothesis that altered molecular conformations and improved molecular entanglements contribute to material strength. The extent to which such conformational changes occur may depend on the additive and the way of mixing. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 41160.