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1.
A. I. D’Souza M. G. Stapelbroek P. N. Dolan P. S. Wijewarnasuriya R. E. DeWames D. S. Smith J. C. Ehlert 《Journal of Electronic Materials》2003,32(7):633-638
The 1/f noise in photovoltaic (PV) molecular-beam epitaxy (MBE)-grown Hg1−xCdxTe double-layer planar heterostructure (DLPH) large-area detectors is a critical noise component with the potential to limit
sensitivity of the cross-track infrared sounder (CrIS) instrument. Therefore, an understanding of the origins and mechanisms
of noise currents in these PV detectors is of great importance. Excess low-frequency noise has been measured on a number of
1000-μm-diameter active-area detectors of varying “quality” (i.e., having a wide range of I-V characteristics at 78 K). The
1/f noise was measured as a function of cut-off wavelength under illuminated conditions. For short-wave infrared (SWIR) detectors
at 98 K, minimal 1/f noise was measured when the total current was dominated by diffusion with white noise spectral density
in the mid-10−15A/Hz1/2 range. For SWIR detectors dominated by other than diffusion current, the ratio, α, of the noise current in unit bandwidth
in(f = 1 Hz, Vd = −60 mV, and Δf = 1 Hz) to dark current Id(Vd = −60 mV) was αSW-d = in/Id ∼ 1 × 10−3. The SWIR detectors measured at 0 mV under illuminated conditions had median αSW-P = in/Iph ∼ 7 × 10−6. For mid-wave infrared (MWIR) detectors, αMW-d = in/Id ∼ 2 × 10−4, due to tunneling current contributions to the 1/f noise. Measurements on forty-nine 1000-μm-diameter MWIR detectors under
illuminated conditions at 98 K and −60 mV bias resulted in αMW-P = in/Iph = 4.16 ± 1.69 × 10−6. A significant point to note is that the photo-induced noise spectra are nearly identical at 0 mV and 100 mV reverse bias,
with a noise-current-to-photocurrent ratio, αMW-P, in the mid 10−6 range. For long-wave infrared (LWIR) detectors measured at 78 K, the ratio, αLW-d = in/Id ∼ 6 × 10−6, for the best performers. The majority of the LWIR detectors exhibited αLW-d on the order of 2 × 10−5. The photo-induced 1/f noise had αLW-P = in/Iph ∼ 5 × 10−6. The value of the noise-current-to-dark-current ratio, α appears to increase with increasing bandgap. It is not clear if
this is due to different current mechanisms impacting 1/f noise performance. Measurements on detectors of different bandgaps
are needed at temperatures where diffusion current is the dominant current. Excess low-frequency noise measurements made as
a function of detector reverse bias indicate 1/f noise may result primarily from the dominant current mechanism at each particular
bias. The 1/f noise was not a direct function of the applied bias. 相似文献
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In this study, the effect and side-effect of epidural injection with lappaconitine compound for post-operative analgesia was observed. One hundred and twenty patients were randomly divided into 4 groups. Lappaconitine compound (LB) consisted of 12 mg of lappaconitine and 22.5 mg of bupivacaine, was given to group A (the group of observation), and lappaconitine 12 mg, bupivacaine 22.5 mg and morphine 2 mg to group B, C and D respectively for control. All were given by epidural injection with single blind method during post-operative pain of incision operation. Result showed that the initiating of analgesia was quicker in group A and C than that in group B and D, and the efficacy was group D > A > C > B. There was significant difference between group A and B in the above two parameters, P < 0.01 and P < 0.05. The analgisia maintenence time of single injection was D > A > B > C, that of group D was significantly longer than that of group A (P < 0.01). It indicated that the epidural injection with LB was more rapid and potent than that with lappaconitine alone in post-operative analgesia, and the former had no side-effect, it was safer than morphine. 相似文献
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The focus of posttransplant care and clinical research has been on the management of rejection and short-term side effects associated with immunosuppressive therapy. Long-term side effects have only recently been recognized as potential health problems in liver transplant recipients. The aim of this pilot study was to determine the feasibility of using the Healthier People Version 4.0 Health Risk Appraisal as a tool for identifying existing and potential risk factors for premature disease and death among asymptomatic liver transplant recipients and to describe health risks in adult liver transplant recipients. The sample consisted of 50 adult first-time liver transplant recipients. It was found that this tool highlights health risks affecting life expectancy and pinpoints risks that an individual can control. It also provides practitioners with information necessary to design appropriate prevention and health promotion strategies to assure better health and quality of life for patients following liver transplantation. 相似文献
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E. Smith 《Journal of Materials Science》1993,28(4):880-884
The criterion for crack growth instability in an elastic-softening material that is subjected to displacement control loading conditions is examined. A theoretical analysis of the model of a solid containing two symmetrically situated deep cracks and with tensile loading of the remaining ligament, defines the criterion for crack growth instability. The criterion is expressed in terms of the material's softening characteristics and the solid's geometrical parameters. The analysis covers the complete spectrum of material behaviour from the case where the softening zone is very small to the case where instability does not occur until the softening zone traverses the ligament between the crack tips. 相似文献
8.
Intense irradiation (25–40 A/cm2) at intermediate energy (400 keV) has been found to cause “metallisation” of tungsten oxide and titanium niobate crystal surfaces. The possible mechanisms and the likely consequences for high-resolution imaging of clean oxide surfaces are briefly discussed. 相似文献
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