Modified oil agglomeration process for coal beneficiation. III. Grinding and agglomeration using different szego mill designs

The simultaneous grinding/agglormeration process has been used to beneficiate Minto coal. Experiments with the Szego Mill, a planetary ring-roller mill with grooved rollers, have given good results. Different roller ridge/groove sizes have been tested and favourable oil-coal-water ratios established. Ash removal is closely related to grinding performance. Very short mill residence times, of the order of 10 seconds, are sufficient for microagglomerate formation. Considerable equipment and operating cost savings are possible with the modified process.     

Antibiotic pharmacodynamics in cerebrospinal fluid

The CSF half-lives of lipophilic agents, such as quinolones, are similar to those in serum and peak concentrations in CSF are achieved relatively quickly. In contrast, the pharmacokinetics of hydrophilic agents (beta-lactams and vancomycin) in CSF often differ from those in serum. In particular, the half-lives of these agents in CSF tend to be extended, and the time to achieve peak concentrations in CSF is delayed. Hydrophilic antibiotics, such as beta-lactams, penetrate poorly through the BBB, but CSF penetration is significantly increased in the presence of inflammation. In contrast, lipophilic antibiotics, such as quinolones, enter the CSF more efficiently and their penetration is not inflammation dependent. The pharmacodynamic properties of antibiotics in CSF are generally similar to those in other body sites; beta-lactam agents and vancomycin are time-dependent, whereas the quinolones and aminoglycosides are concentration-dependent. However, a notable difference from infections in other sites is that quinolones have a short PAE in CSF and need to continually exceed the MBC for maximal effectiveness. Thus, in CSF, quinolones demonstrate features of both concentration-dependency and time-dependency, evidence that the AUC/MBC is an important predictor of effectiveness. With the exception of quinolones, many antibiotics appear to have prolonged sub-MIC effects and longer half-lives in CSF than in serum, suggesting that dosing intervals longer than those used traditionally would be effective in meningitis. However, this requires clinical verification.     

Detection, accumulation and distribution of nitrofuran residues in egg yolk, albumen and shell.

Nitrofuran antibiotics have been banned for use in food-producing animals in many countries, including the European Union, owing to the threat they pose to human health. Research continues into the accumulation of these drugs in animal tissues and into the appropriate methods for their detection. In this study, an LC-MS/MS method is presented for the detection of the parent compounds, furazolidone, nitrofurantoin, furaltadone and nitrofurazone, in eggs. The parent compounds are first extracted into ethyl acetate, fats are removed by partition between acetonitrile and hexane, and the concentrated sample is analysed by LC-MS/MS. Decision limits (CCalpha) for the parents were < or =1 microg kg-1 for all four compounds. Within-day and between-day CVs are well within the limits stated in Commission Decision 2002/657/EC. The method provides an alternative to the testing of side-chain metabolites in eggs, which is particularly important in the case of nitrofurazone, where semicarbazide contamination of food has been attributed to sources other than nitrofurazone use. This method was used together with a method for the detection of the side-chain metabolite compounds, 3-amino-2-oxazolidinone (AOZ), 3-amino-5-morpholinomethyl-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one (AMOZ), 1-amino-hydantoin (AHD) and semicarbazide (SEM), to study the accumulation and distribution of nitrofurans in eggs. Eggs were collected from four groups of hens that had been treated with one of the nitrofurans at a feed concentration of 300 mg kg-1 for 1 week. Parent compounds and metabolites were found in the yolk, albumen and shell. Albumen/yolk ratios for the parent compounds were 0.7, 0.82, 0.83 and 0.31 for furazolidone, furaltadone, nitrofurantoin and nitrofurazone, respectively. Ratios for the side-chain metabolites were 1.02, 1.06, 0.83 and 0.55 for AOZ, AMOZ, AHD and SEM, respectively. However, 50% of the total SEM residues were found in eggshell. This may be significant if eggshell products reach the consumer.     

Supplemental methionine and time of supplementation effects on ruminal fermentation, digesta kinetics, and in situ dry matter and neutral detergent fiber disappearance in cattle

Two experiments were conducted to study the effects of methionine supplementation on ruminal fermentation and digesta kinetics. In Exp. 1, nine ruminally cannulated beef heifers (average initial BW = 527 kg) in a crossover design were fed low-quality grass hay and cottonseed meal with or without 11.4 g of supplemental methionine (polysaccharide-coated). Particulate and fluid kinetics, rate of DM and NDF disappearance, ruminal VFA and NH3 N concentrations, and pH were not altered (P > .10) by supplemental methionine; however, ruminal purine concentration was greater (P < .05) in methionine-supplemented heifers than in unsupplemented heifers. In Exp. 2, 12 ruminally cannulated Holstein steers (average initial BW = 622 kg) grazing a fescue pasture were allotted to one of three groups: no supplemental methionine (CON) or 11.4 g of supplemental methionine fed at 0700 (AM) or at 1200 (PM). Forage intake, particulate kinetics, ruminal fluid kinetics, pH, VFA, and NH3 N concentrations were not altered (P > .10) by supplemental methionine or supplementation time. In situ rate of DM and NDF disappearance was greater (P < .05) in supplemented steers than in CON steers; AM steers exhibited faster (P < .05) rates than PM steers. Overall, methionine supplementation of low-quality forage increased ruminal purine concentration but did not alter in situ fermentation or digesta passage, whereas supplementation at 0700, but not at 1200, of steers grazing fescue forage increased rate of NDF fermentation.     

Solar still pans— The search for inexpensive and reliable materials

The inclined-tray concept of solar-still construction involves tilting the brine-containing member of the greenhouse still parallel to the “south” pane of glass. Initiated six years ago at the University of California, the arrangement demonstrated substantial advantages with a view to the requirements for commercialization as “residential” units. Since its inception, the writer has constructed and tested approximately sixty-five different stills, in the effort to optimize service-ability, durability, and cost. The principal part of this work has been directed toward the materials system of the brine-containing member, which can be either a sheet with affixed or formed baffles, or else separate pans. This report covers materials and methods of construction, operational problems, efficiency, durability, and cost, on “pan” materials, which may be grouped as: (1) wood and wood-fiber products with coatings or impregnants, (2) thermosetting plastics, (3) thermoplastic materials, (4) asbestos-cement with impregnants and coatings, and (5) metals with coatings.

The present conclusion is that: where the product water must be entirely taste-free at the time the still is initially operated, durability of ten years or more is sought, and weight is not a significant obstacle, then porcelain enamelled steel is the material of choice. Stills of this construction are presently on the market. Meanwhile a program is underway to evaluate other materials systems, both to improve the above choice, and to make optimizations where other criteria may apply.     

Therapist perspectives on countertransference: Qualitative data in search of a theory.

A consensual qualitative research strategy was used to examine data from 127 interviews conducted with 8 psychologists immediately following their sessions of brief therapy with 8 clients. Analyses revealed 3 domains relevant to countertransference: origins (including categories of family issues, needs and values, therapy specific issues, and cultural issues), triggers (including categories of content of client material, therapist comparing client with others, change in therapy structure or procedures, therapist assessing progress of therapy, therapist perception of client, and emotions), and manifestations (including categories of approach, avoidance, negative feelings, and treatment planning). The frequency of categories within and across cases was classified, and relationships among categories from the 3 domains were detected, generating hypotheses for future empirical research. Implications for practice, training, and continued research are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

微软Office杀手？

Google Apps现在还只处在基础阶段,虽然短期内还不能对Office构成威胁,但只要Gooqle想打倒微软,就绝对有可能。     

Interaction in Short Rotation Coppice willow,Salix viminalis genotype mixtures

Seven straight Salix viminalis genotypes with different levels of rust (Melampsora epitea) susceptibility were grown as mono-plots as well as being incorporated into a range of mixtures. Two 3-year harvests (2003 and 2006) were taken. Disease progress was followed on each of the individual genotypes throughout each growing season 2001–2006. In 2003 there were small but significant yield increases from the mixtures compared to the yield of individual components grown as mono-plots. These differences were not evident at the second harvest in 2006. No consistent effect of mixtures on reducing rust on the most susceptible genotype, Salix viminalis ‘77082’ were observed. In some years, e.g. 2003, at certain times during the growing season, significant reductions were observed on Salix viminalis ‘77082’ in certain 3-way mixtures compared to mono-plots. These, however, were not repeated consistently in subsequent years. It was concluded that the current commercial practice in many parts of Europe of planting mixtures as a disease control strategy will only be effective if there is sufficient genetic diversity between the Salix genotypes incorporated into the mixture.     

标准之惑

当技术公司发现了共同利益,他们就会制定标准或者推动标准的出台。并从中获益。不过技术标准的出台有时并不容易。     

Principal-components analysis of the equivalence of alternate forms of the Trail Making Test.

One of the methods of evaluating the reliability of alternative forms of assessment instruments is to evaluate the relation of the 2 forms to other measures in a factor analysis. Using this method, the authors investigated the reliability of alternate forms of Trail Making Tests A and B, called Trails C and D. Neuropsychological screening test data were collected from the files of 144 clients referred to a university hospital for neuropsychological evaluations. The tests included Trail Making Tests A, B, C, and D; the Digit Symbol subtest of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale—Revised; and the Stroop Color-Word test. Analyses provided tentative support for the equivalency of the alternative forms of the Trail Making Test. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)