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1.
This article identifies the key issues involved in the debate about affirmative action. The June 2003 Supreme Court decisions allowing consideration of race to ensure that there is a "critical mass" of African American, Latino/Latina, and Native American applicants to higher education are addressed. Social psychologists have identified key myths and provided clarifications about the need for and consequences of strategies used to promote equal opportunity for persons of color and women. A brief history of affirmative action and of the problems it was designed to solve is provided. The accomplishments, benefits, and compelling interest of diversity and affirmative action are described, as well as the concerns and counterpoints. The lack of a substantial applicant pool in psychology hinders progress toward diversity. Alternative strategies for remedying this lack beyond affirmative admissions policies in psychology are briefly discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
2.
Many classification problems involve high dimensional inputs and a large number of classes. Multiclassifier fusion approaches
to such difficult problems typically centre around smart feature extraction, input resampling methods, or input space partitioning
to exploit modular learning. In this paper, we investigate how partitioning of the output space (i.e. the set of class labels) can be exploited in a multiclassifier fusion framework to simplify such problems and to yield
better solutions. Specifically, we introduce a hierarchical technique to recursively decompose a C-class problem into C_1 two-(meta) class problems. A generalised modular learning framework is used to partition a set of classes into two disjoint
groups called meta-classes. The coupled problems of finding a good partition and of searching for a linear feature extractor
that best discriminates the resulting two meta-classes are solved simultaneously at each stage of the recursive algorithm.
This results in a binary tree whose leaf nodes represent the original C classes. The proposed hierarchical multiclassifier framework is particularly effective for difficult classification problems
involving a moderately large number of classes. The proposed method is illustrated on a problem related to classification
of landcover using hyperspectral data: a 12-class AVIRIS subset with 180 bands. For this problem, the classification accuracies
obtained were superior to most other techniques developed for hyperspectral classification. Moreover, the class hierarchies
that were automatically discovered conformed very well with human domain experts’ opinions, which demonstrates the potential
of using such a modular learning approach for discovering domain knowledge automatically from data.
Received: 21 November 2000, Received in revised form: 02 November 2001, Accepted: 13 December 2001 相似文献
3.
The research on positive psychotherapy outcome consistently indicates that the quality of the alliance is important across different models of psychotherapy (D. E. Orlinsky, M. H. Ronnestad, & U. Willutzki, 2004; B. E. Wampold, 2000). Social psychological research has documented how "unintentional bias" can produce barriers to university admissions, employment, and advancement of well-qualified members of ethnic minority groups (J. F. Dovidio, S. L. Gaertner, K. Kawakami, & G. Hodson, 2002). Neuroscience is further confirming social psychological responses associated with race (J. L. Eberhard, 2005). Unintentional bias identified in social psychological research may be part of the psychotherapist/client interaction, interfere with the therapeutic alliance, and partly account for the high dropout rates and underutilization of psychotherapeutic services by people of color. The purpose of this article is to provide an evidence-based analysis of how psychologists in practice may unintentionally interfere with development of quality alliances with culturally different clients or patients and thus contribute to the barriers to effective multicultural counseling and psychotherapy. Principles from the American Psychological Association's (2003) multicultural guidelines and a review of relevant research are applied in suggesting strategies to reduce bias and to develop culturally appropriate skills in psychological practices. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
4.
Unsupervised multistage image classification using hierarchical clustering with a Bayesian similarity measure. 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
A new multistage method using hierarchical clustering for unsupervised image classification is presented. In the first phase, the multistage method performs segmentation using a hierarchical clustering procedure which confines merging to spatially adjacent clusters and generates an image partition such that no union of any neighboring segments has homogeneous intensity values. In the second phase, the segments resulting from the first stage are classified into a small number of distinct states by a sequential merging operation. The region-merging procedure in the first phase makes use of spatial contextual information by characterizing the geophysical connectedness of a digital image structure with a Markov random field, while the second phase employs a context-free similarity measure in the clustering process. The segmentation procedure of region merging is implemented as a hierarchical clustering algorithm whereby a multiwindow approach using a pyramid-like structure is employed to increase computational efficiency while maintaining spatial connectivity in merging. From experiments with both simulated and remotely sensed data, the proposed method was determined to be quite effective for unsupervised analysis. In particular, the region-merging approach based on spatial contextual information was shown to provide more accurate classification of images with smooth spatial patterns. 相似文献
5.
Vasquez Melba J. T.; Lott Bernice; García-Vázquez Enedina; Grant Sheila K.; Iwamasa Gayle Y.; Molina Ludwin E.; Ragsdale Brian L.; Vestal-Dowdy Elise 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2006,61(2):157
In this article, six faculty and students of color who participated in a panel discussion at a symposium during the National Multicultural Conference and Summit of 2003 talk about the barriers they encountered and continue to encounter in their graduate training and places of employment. They also discuss strategies they found to be effective, enhancing, and positive and suggest other possibilities. The contributors describe their relationships with dominant-group and minority peers and talk about how issues of social class, disability, and sexual orientation as well as color have been part of their experience. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
6.
Sue Derald Wing; Bingham Rosie P.; Porché-Burke Lisa; Vasquez Melba 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1999,54(12):1061
The National Multicultural Conference and Summit was held in January 1999 in California. Hosted by Divisions 17 (Counseling Psychology), 35 (Society for the Psychology of Women), and 45 (Society for the Psychological Study of Ethnic Minority Issues), the event drew support from many American Psychological Association (APA) divisions and other organizations and sponsors. Approximately 550 psychologists and graduate students attended the conference, which was intended to (1) examine state-of-the-art issues in ethnic minority psychology, (2) identify barriers to becoming a multicultural profession, and (3) forge alliances for political action and advocacy. The summit participants unanimously endorsed resolutions aimed at implementing cultural competence in all psychological endeavors. Multicultural themes arising from the summit included the diversification of the US; the facilitation of difficult dialogues on race, gender, and sexual orientation; spirituality as a basic dimension of the human condition; the invisibility of monoculturalism and Whiteness; and the teaching of multiculturalism and diversity. APA was strongly encouraged to take the lead in seeing that multicultural competence becomes a defining feature of psychological practice, education and training, and research. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
7.
This address discusses educational attainment rates among Latinas and factors that militate against their educational and professional achievement. The roles of family, community, discrimination, and strategies to counteract discrimination are discussed. It also contains a tribute to a Latina pioneer in psychology, Martha Bernal. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
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9.
Rambau Khavharendwe Melba Tarimo Delvina Japhet Fasakin Oladepo Musyoka Nicholas Mulei Manyala Ncholu 《Journal of Applied Electrochemistry》2022,52(5):821-834
Journal of Applied Electrochemistry - The paper presents a comparative study between aluminum fumarate metal–organic framework (Al-FumMOF) and a novel coal fly ash derived aluminum MOF... 相似文献
10.
R. Anand T.S. Arun Samuel P. Melba Mary 《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2017,42(34):21648-21658
This paper deals with the achievement of dynamic response of high gain DC to DC converter in solar application using BAT Algorithm (BATA) optimization tuned Fuzzy Sliding Mode Controller. The dynamic and transient response of isolated full bridge DC to DC converter are improved by using BATA optimization tuned Fuzzy Sliding Mode Controller under starting and load step change conditions. The aim of the control is to regulate the output voltage beneath the load change. The model of the BATA tuned Fuzzy Sliding Mode Controller is implemented using sim power systems toolbox of MATLAB SIMULINK. Fuzzy Sliding Mode Controller is tuned by using BATA. Results are compared. Performance of the proposed dynamic novel control under step load change condition is investigated. Performance of proposed control is assessed through prototype hardware design. 相似文献