Conventional drug therapy in inflammatory bowel disease

The conventional treatment of inflammatory bowel disease should center around the liberal use of one of the many available forms of 5-ASA. Sulfasalazine should be used initially with the newer mesalamine-only containing drugs being reserved for sulfasalazine-intolerant patients or for those patients who require larger doses of medication. The choice of the delivery method should be made with the knowledge of the extent of disease and the potential coverage areas of the individual delivery methods. Systemic and topical glucocorticoids are an invaluable adjunct to 5-ASA therapy, but their use must be directed with the goal of remission induction. The tapering of glucocorticoids should be as prompt as the maintenance of remission allows, with a useful general guideline of decreasing the dose by 1 mg per day. Immunosuppressive therapy, including azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine, holds promise for refractory cases of inflammatory bowel disease and for their potential steroid sparing properties; antibiotic therapy with metronidazole and ciprofloxacin in the absence of documented infectious disease offers additional routes to control disease. The majority of patients require a combination of drugs to attain remission. Only further study will reveal the ideal regimen for each of the different subsets of inflammatory bowel disease.     

Self-in-relation theory and the role of the clinical nurse specialist. Part II: Application to advanced nursing roles in a professional practice model

CONCEPTS AND ASSUMPTIONS of self-in-relation theory of women's development, as proposed by feminist scholars at the Stone Center in Wellesley, Massachusetts, are applied in this article. This theory was used as a framework to guide staff development and mentorship roles of advanced practice nurses. How the theory served to direct these roles and assisted in development of a professional practice model is discussed. Exemplars from the authors' practices and professional practice outcomes after 2 years of theory implementation are presented.     

“鲇鱼”台风期间福建省溪源水库的防洪调度分析

2016年"鲇鱼"台风期间,省溪源水库遭遇建库以来最大洪水,水库通过预泄滕库、避潮错峰等方式成功防御,通过详细介绍"鲇鱼"台风期间水雨情特点以及调度过程,汲取经验,为今后水库洪水调度提供参考。     

First evidence of grass carp recruitment in the Great Lakes Basin

We use aging techniques, ploidy analysis, and otolith microchemistry to assess whether four grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella captured from the Sandusky River, Ohio were the result of natural reproduction within the Lake Erie Basin. All four fish were of age 1 +. Multiple lines of evidence indicate that these fish were not aquaculture-reared and that they were most likely the result of successful reproduction in the Sandusky River. First, at least two of the fish were diploid; diploid grass carp cannot legally be released in the Great Lakes Basin. Second, strontium:calcium (Sr:Ca) ratios were elevated in all four grass carp from the Sandusky River, with elevated Sr:Ca ratios throughout the otolith transect, compared to grass carp from Missouri and Arkansas ponds. This reflects the high Sr:Ca ratio of the Sandusky River, and indicates that these fish lived in a high-strontium environment throughout their entire lives. Third, Sandusky River fish were higher in Sr:Ca ratio variability than fish from ponds, reflecting the high but spatially and temporally variable strontium concentrations of southwestern Lake Erie tributaries, and not the stable environment of pond aquaculture. Fourth, Sr:Ca ratios in the grass carp from the Sandusky River were lower in their 2011 growth increment (a high water year) than the 2012 growth increment (a low water year), reflecting the observed inverse relationship between discharge and strontium concentration in these rivers. We conclude that these four grass carp captured from the Sandusky River are most likely the result of natural reproduction within the Lake Erie Basin.     

岭南建筑淡意

山居之要点，自然要落在“居”上。在最感性直接的理解上，一处居所要是能令人的第一感觉很舒服．便肯定是好的。而这个“舒服”看似简单，却实则包含了风水、环境、设计乃至建筑材料的运用等等元素。毫无疑问，山庄旅舍便是这样一处令人舒服的地方，它的大气大关都蕴藏在亲和随意的设计之中。     

Role of entrepreneurial task motivation in the growth of technologically innovative firms.

The Miner Sentence Completion Scale—Form T (MSCS—T) and an innovative technology survey were administered to applicants for development grants under the National Science Foundation Small Business Innovation Research Program. Data were obtained from 118 entrepreneurs who had founded their firms and from a comparison group of 41 manager/scientists who had submitted applications but were not founders. Measures of firm growth were developed from the innovative technology survey to serve as dependent variables. The MSCS—T has been developed to measure the motivational variables of a task theory that closely parallels achievement motivation theory. Task motivation exhibited a substantial relationship with the indexes of firm growth; it also differentiated between entrepreneurs and nonentrepreneurs. Thus, this article presents a new research direction that differs substantially from previous efforts to use the hierarchic theory of managerial motivation and the MSCS—Form H to study the motivation of entrepreneurs. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Integrated services for treatment of schizophrenic substance abusers: demographics, symptoms, and substance abuse patterns

We have previously described a model of outpatient integrated treatment for patients with comorbid psychoactive substance use disorders and schizophrenia (PSUD/S)(1). Here we review relevant literature on comorbidity and outline the rationale for integrated services. Further, we describe results from 3 related studies: First, we document the approximate incidence of PSUD among a heterogeneous group of 602 schizophrenic inpatient admissions to our hospital. Second, we describe in greater detail the psychiatric symptoms and patterns of substance abuse among a subsample of 106 inpatients with PSUD/S, contrasting them with 112 patients with PSUD and mixed psychotic disorders, but who are not schizophrenic. Third, we present a prospective research project and describe a sample of 30 patients with PSUD/S, detailing demographic characteristics, psychiatric symptoms and substance abuse history. Attention is given to current issues in the differential diagnosis of patients with PSUD/S using standardized instruments.     

Measuring computer software reliability

Under certain conditions, traditional hypothesis-testing techniques may be used as a management tool by software developers or software purchasers who wish to insure that their packages have some specified reliability level. These conditions are: (1) the existence of independent collections of test data, (2) a way of determining the correctness of processing of these collections, and (3) a way of randomly selecting test data.Two basic approaches have been described. In a fixed sample size test, the user decides on the reliability desired. He can then determine the number of test cases which must be examined and the acceptance/rejection criteria. In a sequential test, the desired reliability level is again pre-determined, but samples are tested one at a time until an accept/reject decision can be made.Experiments with a large amount of error data derived from six separate systems indicate that reliability results derived from these models are consistent with actual reliability figures.Most current acceptance procedures are based on a naive assumption that a large program can be exhaustively tested and delivered in an error-free condition. Because these expectations cannot be fulfilled, the manager of a software development project or the purchaser of a software product is provided with no quantitative information on which to base an acceptance decision and is thus forced to make these decisions based mostly on intuition and his own experience in similar situations. These models allow one to replace these intuition-based decisions with quantitatively-based decisions and thus constitute an important contribution to the science of management of software development efforts.     

Orientation and temperature dependence of some mechanical properties of the single-crystal nickel-base superalloy René N4: Part III. Tension-compression anisotropy

Single crystal superalloy specimens with various crystallographic orientations were tested in compression at room temperature, 650, 760, 870, and 980 °C. These results are compared with the tensile behavior studied previously. The alloy, René* N4, was developed for gas turbine engine blades and has the nominal composition 3.7 Al, 4.2 Ti, 4 Ta, 0.5 Nb, 6 W, 1.5 Mo, 9 Cr, 7.5 Co, balance Ni, in weight percent. Slip trace analysis showed that primary cube slip had occurred even at room temperature for the [111] specimens. With increasing test temperature more orientations exhibited primary cube slip, until at 870 °C only the orientations near [001] and [011] exhibited normal octahedral slip. The yield strength for octahedral slip was numerically analyzed using a model proposed by Lall, Chin, and Pope to explain deviations from Schmid’s law in the yielding behavior of a single phase γ’ alloy, Ni₃(Al,Nb). The Schmid’s law deviations in René N4 were found to be largely due to a tension-compression anisotropy. This is one of the sources of the Schmid’s law violations observed in Ni₃(Al, Nb) which are rationalized by the model. A second effect, which increases the strength of orientations away from [001], was found to be small in René N4. Analysis of recently published data on the single crystal superalloy PWA 1480 yielded the same result. Formerly Co-op Student, University of Cincinnati