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1.
Several new protocols such as RBUDP, User-Level UDP, Tsunami, and SABUL, have been proposed as alternatives to TCP for high
speed data transfer. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the effects of SABUL congestion control algorithm on SABUL performance
metrics such as bandwidth utilization, self-fairness, aggressiveness and average packet losses. We propose simple deterministic
and stochastic models of SABUL congestion control algorithm and use the models to assess these metrics. Our results explain
SABUL throughput oscillations, derive bounds on its aggressiveness/responsiveness, show that SABUL can be self-fair, and identify
conditions under which SABUL connections may experience excessive packet losses.
This work was sponsored in part by the National Science Foundation grant No. NSF-9901004, DOE SciDAC grant DE-FC02-01ER25484,
and IBM Corp. Shared University Research Program. 相似文献
2.
Vatroslav Bubalo Vjekoslav Jerolimov Ivo Bau
i Mladen Andreis Zorica Veksli 《Polymer International》2005,54(5):848-853
The electron‐spin‐resonance (ESR) spin‐probe method, was used to study the heterogeneity of denture resins based on poly(methyl methacrylate). Results for three resins processed by microwave energy, conventional curing and cold curing (depending on the curing procedure and exposed to ageing in various environmental conditions) were compared. All three cured resins were stored over the same time (1200 h) in distilled water at ambient temperature and in artificial saliva at 348 K. The temperature‐dependent ESR spectra of a spin probe dispersed in the denture resins are analyzed in terms of line‐shapes and line‐widths. The appearance of two spectral components was taken as an indication of resin heterogeneity. The results reveal that the cold‐cured resin has a lower local density in comparison with microwave and conventionally cured resin. The amount of residual monomer also contributes to the local motion of polymer segments. The change of denture resins exposed to ageing is influenced both by the structure of the original resin and the ageing conditions. Restricted motion of a spin probe incorporated into the acrylic resins exposed to accelerated ageing suggests additional crosslinking of polymer chains. The differences are observed for all the investigated resins, but the highest change is observed with the cold‐cured resin. The ESR results are accompanied by Tg and Tm measurements. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
3.
Evran E. Ural Victoria Toomajian Ehsanul Hoque Apu Mladen Veletic Ilangko Balasingham Nureddin Ashammakhi Masamitsu Kanada Christopher H. Contag 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(9)
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived nanostructures that mediate intercellular communication by delivering complex signals in normal tissues and cancer. The cellular coordination required for tumor development and maintenance is mediated, in part, through EV transport of molecular cargo to resident and distant cells. Most studies on EV-mediated signaling have been performed in two-dimensional (2D) monolayer cell cultures, largely because of their simplicity and high-throughput screening capacity. Three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures can be used to study cell-to-cell and cell-to-matrix interactions, enabling the study of EV-mediated cellular communication. 3D cultures may best model the role of EVs in formation of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and cancer cell-stromal interactions that sustain tumor growth. In this review, we discuss EV biology in 3D culture correlates of the TME. This includes EV communication between cell types of the TME, differences in EV biogenesis and signaling associated with differing scaffold choices and in scaffold-free 3D cultures and cultivation of the premetastatic niche. An understanding of EV biogenesis and signaling within a 3D TME will improve culture correlates of oncogenesis, enable molecular control of the TME and aid development of drug delivery tools based on EV-mediated signaling. 相似文献
4.
The polyesterification and isomerization reaction of 1,6-hexane diol and maleic anydride in a melt without catalyst was studied by 13C and 1H n.m.r. spectroscopy. The structure and concentration of oligoester species during the polyesterification and isomerization were determined depending on the reaction temperature and time. According to the number and configuration of repeating units determined from 1H n.m.r. spectra kinetics of both reactions were also considered. The degree of isomerization is continuously increasing in the investigated reaction range. 相似文献
5.
Polystyrene-block-polybutadiene copolymers (SB) with 0.5 mass fraction of styrene were studied by electron spin resonance (ESR) of nitroxide spin probes. The influence of the block length (
and
) and the solvation power of casting solvents on the motional dynamics of spin probe were measured over a wide temperature range. Two nitroxide radicals as spin probes were selected: 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-hydroxypiperidine-1-oxyl benzoate (BzONO) and 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-hydroxypiperidine-1-oxyl (Tempol). Irrespective of the spin probe used two ESR spectral components differing in their motional properties above the phase transition of polybutadiene blocks (PB) were observed. The fast component was assigned to spin probes located in polybutadiene-rich domains and the slow component to spin probes in polystyrene-rich domains. The range of two spectral components and the phase transition of the slow ESR component, T5mT, depend on the block length. The influence of the interphase and accumulation of free volume in the interphase on the Tempol probe motion was investigated by changing copolymer morphology in the films casted from selective and nonselective solvents. The analysis of the motional heterogeneity from the ratio of the fast and slow motional component presents evidence that in the selective solvent for polystyrene (PS) blocks (2-butanone) the most irregular structure with a large interphase is formed. The difference in fast motion of spin probes indicates that the motional dynamic is related to the change of domain structure. 相似文献
6.
The effects of the nature of the polyols used in polyurethane (PUR) synthesis on the structural transformations after ageing by UV irradiation has been studied. The investigations were performed on PUR prepared from polyester and polyether diol oligomers. The characterization of the samples before and after ageing in view of the structural changes, which influence the course of the photooxidative degradation and photocrosslinking as well as in view of changes of mechanical properties has been done. Comparative investigations were performed by spectroscopic and viscometric measurements. The results show pronounced heterogeneity of the degradative reactions, including the existence of crosslinking processes and producing thus very inhomogeneous polymeric material. The course and the intensity of photooxidative degradation of PUR differ together with changes of mechanical properties depending whether polyester or polyether polyol have been used. The processes of photooxidative degradation is less expressed in polyesterurethane then in polyurethane based on polyether, under the same conditions of experiments. Different structures of polyester diols caused the various ageing behaviour of PUR too. 相似文献
7.
Adsorption Behavior of Halogenated Anesthetic and Water Vapor on Cr‐Based MOF (MIL‐101) Adsorbent. Part I. Equilibrium and Breakthrough Characterizations
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Ye Hua Nicola Gargiulo Antonio Peluso Paolo Aprea Mladen Eić Domenico Caputo 《化学,工程师,技术》2016,88(11):1730-1738
A synthesized chromium‐based metal organic framework (Cr‐MOF) was used for the adsorption of halogenated anesthetics, i.e., sevoflurane (SF). Adsorption isotherm and breakthrough experiments involving SF (reference sorbate) and water vapor were measured at 298 K and atmospheric pressure on both Cr‐MOF and a commercially used reference adsorbent. The Cr‐MOF MIL‐101 showed a significantly higher SF adsorption capacity and much higher selectivity relative to water vapor compared to the reference adsorbent. Binary‐mixture breakthrough tests demonstrated a “roll‐up effect” for SF on the reference adsorbent while no such effect was observed on MIL‐101. 相似文献
8.
9.
Mladen Ladika Thomas H. Kalantar Hui Shao Stacey L. Dean J. Keith Harris Paul J. Sheskey Karen Coppens Karen M. Balwinski Debora L. Holbrook 《应用聚合物科学杂志》2014,131(7)
Polyampholyte latexes can exist within a certain pH range as low‐viscosity aqueous dispersions, while upon a pH shift to the vicinity of the isoelectric point they undergo ionic coacervation. Three classes of coacervation latexes were synthesized and evaluated for their suitability for use in tablet coating applications. Pharmaceutical tablet coatings are commonly based on hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, poly(vinyl alcohol), and acrylic polymers. Because of the high viscosity of their aqueous solutions, and to the consequent required low concentrations of the tablet coating polymers in the coating solutions to enable sufficiently low viscosity for effective spray application, the current commercial pharmaceutical tablet coating technology requires the removal of large amounts of water during the manufacturing process. In this work, films prepared from high‐solids, low‐viscosity coacervated acrylic latexes showed good hardness, very low tackiness, an excellent combination of optical properties, and very low water vapor permeability. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 40049. 相似文献
10.
Mladen Brnčić Tomislav Bosiljkov Marko Ukrainczyk Branko Tripalo Suzana Rimac Brnčić Sven Karlović Damir Karlović Damir Ježek Dražen Vikić Topić 《Food and Bioprocess Technology》2011,4(7):1296-1306
Production of extrudates from cereals is an often-used technological process in today’s world food industry. Extrudates from
corn flour produced using the twin-screw extrusion process and enriched with whey protein concentrate represent high-quality
source of proteins and fats. Whey protein concentrate (WPC) as a valuable source of proteins and minerals is one of the highest-quality
components for possible extrudate enrichment. In this paper, the influence of various WPC addition and some extrusion process
parameters such as feed moisture content (
Q\textH\text2 \textO Q_{{{\text{H}}_{\text{2}} {\text{O}}}} ) on physicochemical properties of directly expanded corn flour extrudates manufactured in twin-screw co-rotating extruder
was investigated. Whey protein concentrate was added in the following ratios 7.5%, 15% and 22.5% and water in 10.08, 12.18
and 14.28 L/h. Final composition of products is determined with measuring of protein, fat and water shares, water absorption
index (WAI) and water solubility index (WSI). With added WPC and with increase of water volume flow, there was a significant
rise in total protein, fat and water content in final products, as well as lowering of WSI and rising of WAI indexes. The
statistical analysis of the obtained data shows that the lowest WSI and the highest WAI had samples with the largest share
of WPC (22.5%) and water volume flow of 14.28 L/h. Colour is measured for each sample, and results were represented with hue
angle (H), chroma (C) and lightness (L) values. Process parameters, WPC and
Q\textH\text2 \textO Q_{{{\text{H}}_{\text{2}} {\text{O}}}} influence the increase of saturation of C and lightness of L colour value, while H value stays unchanged. Mean value of H
was 90.14 ± 1.06, which corresponds to dominance of yellow colour of samples. 相似文献