连铸圆管坯的质量及其控制(上)

目前我国尚无连铸圆管坯的国家标准或行业标准,各企业只执行自行制订的技术条件。根据试验和理论分析,建议在连铸圆管坯技术条件中增加有关表层细晶区、柱状晶区和等轴晶区厚度比例及芯部状态等内容,并提出了相应的控制方法;鉴于连铸圆管坯质量的重要性,建议尽快制订国家标准。     

New insights into the morphology of Trypanosoma cruzi reservosome

Reservosomes are late endosomes present only in members of the Schizotrypanum subgenus of the Trypanosoma genus and are defined as the site of storage of endocytosed macromolecules and lysosomal enzymes. They have been extensively described in Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigote: are bounded by a membrane unit, present an electron-dense protein matrix with electron-lucent lipid inclusions, being devoid of inner membranes. Here we performed a detailed ultrastructural analysis of these organelles using a variety of electron microscopy techniques, including ultrathin sectioning, uranyl acetate stained preparations, and freeze fracture, either in intact epimastigotes or in isolated reservosomes. New informations were obtained. First, both isolated and in situ reservosomes presented small profiles of inner membranes that are morphologically similar to the membrane surrounding the organelle. In uranyl acetate stained preparations, internal membrane profiles turned out to be longer than they appeared in ultrathin section images and traversed the organelle diameter. Internal vesicles were also found. Second, endocytosed cargo are not associated with internal vesicles and reach reservosomes on board of vesicles that fuse with the boundary membrane, delivering cargo directly into reservosome lumen. Third, electron-lucent bodies with saturated lipid core surrounded by a membrane monolayer and with unusual rectangular shape were also observed. Fourth, it was possible to demonstrate the presence of intramembranous particles on the E face of both internal vesicles and the surrounding membrane. Collectively, these results indicate that reservosomes have a complex internal structure, which may correlate with their multiple functions.     

Effects of chemical protective equipment on team process performance in small unit rescue operations

In the event of a nuclear, biological, or chemical terrorist attack against civilians, both military and civilian emergency response teams must be able to respond and operate efficiently while wearing protective equipment. Chemical protective equipment protects the user by providing a barrier between the individual and hazardous environment. Unfortunately, the same equipment that is designed to support the user can potentially cause heat stress, reduced task efficiency, and reduced range-of-motion. Targeted Acceptable Responses to Generated Events of Tasks (TARGETS), an event-based team performance measurement methodology was used to investigate the effects of Mission Oriented Protective Posture (MOPP) on the behavioral processes underlying team performance during simulated rescue tasks. In addition, this study determined which team processes were related to team performance outcomes. Results of six primary analyses indicated that team process performance was not degraded by MOPP 4 on any rescue task and that the team processes critical for successful task performance are task-dependent. This article discusses the implications of these results with respect to the study design and the limitations of using an event-based team performance measurement methodology.     

Species identification of cooked meats by enzyme-staining of isoelectricfocusing gels

By extracting cooked meat products with 6 m guanidine hydrochloride and then dialysing the extract into 1 % Triton X-100, the activity of adenylate kinase (AK) and creatine kinase (CK) may be at least partly recovered, provided the meat was not heated above ≈120°C (AK) or ≈105°C (CK). A wide range of animal species may be identified in cooked meats by staining isoelectricfocusing gels for these two enzymes. However, if a sample consists of mixed flesh from different species, hybrid creatine kinase dimers form during dialysis and the additional bands complicate interpretation of gel patterns.     

Heat-induced tenderisation of meat by endogenous carboxyl proteases

The rôle of carboxyl proteases in tenderising meat was investigated by injecting the inhibitors, pepstatin and EPNP, into pre-rigor muscle. The increase in shear force values induced by these inhibitors provided a minimum estimate of the extent to which endogenous carboxyl proteases normally tenderise meat at 60°C.Gel electrophoresis showed that connectin was hydrolysed to a greater extent than other muscle proteins at this temperature and that breakdown of connectin was inhibited by pepstatin and EPNP. Thus it is likely that, when intact, connectin may contribute to the strength of cooked meat.