Eliminating memory for fragmentation within partitionable SIMD/SPMDmachines

Efficient data layout is an important aspect of the compilation process. A model for the creation of perfect memory maps for large-scale parallel machines capable of user-controlled partitionable single-instruction-multiple data/single-program-multiple data (SIMD/SPMD) operation is developed. The term perfect implies that no memory fragmentation occurs and ensures that the memory map size is kept to a minimum. A major constraint on solving this problem is based on the single program nature of both the SIMD and SPMD modes of parallelism. It is assumed that all processors within the same submachine used identical addresses to access corresponding data items in each of their local memories. Necessary and sufficient conditions are derived for being able to create perfect memory maps, and results are applied to several partitionable interconnection networks     

Quantitative analysis of pheromone production in irradiated Caribbean fruit fly males,Anastrepha suspensa (Loew)

Pheromonal volatiles emitted by irradiated and control 5- to 11-day-old Caribbean fruit flies,Anastrepha suspensa (Loew), were collected on Tenax adsorbent filters and quantified by gas chromatography (GC). The components released were identified by comparison of retention times on GC and by mass spectrometry (MS) with authentic synthetic standards. Pharate adults were irradiated with gamma rays from a⁶⁰Co source at a dose rate of 10.3 Gray (Gy)/min. The total dosages given were 30, 50, 70, and 100 Gy. Pheromone volatiles were collected from adult males when they were between 5 and 11 days of age. The compounds quantified were (Z)-3-nonenol and (Z, Z)-3,6-nonadienol, which eluted from the GC column together and were quantified as one peak,-bisabolene, suspensolide, anastrephin, and epianastrephin. Irradiation with 30 Gy did not significantly reduce any pheromonal components, nor did it change the pheromonal blend. In contrast, suspensolide and bisabolene were significantly reduced in flies irradiated with 50 Gy, while the nonenols and epianastrephin were reduced at the 70-Gy dose. Irradiation with the 100-Gy dose reduced all components with the exception of suspensolide.University of Florida Agric. Exper. Sta. Journal Series No.R-03156.     

基于FPGA的位宽可扩展多路组播复制的实现

用VHDL语言在FPGA内部编程实现组播复制。本文介绍其实现方法,并给出了时序仿真波形。通过扩展,该设计可以支持多位宽、多路复制,因而具有较好的应用前景。     

Effects of combined lead and cadmium exposure: Changes in schedule-controlled responding and in dopamine, serotonin, and their metabolites.

Adult male rats were maintained on 1 of 4 ad-lib diets: Group Control-Diet received a normal laboratory diet that contained no added chemicals; Group Lead-Diet received a diet containing 500 ppm (parts per million) lead; Group Cadmium-Diet received a diet containing 100 ppm cadmium; and Group Lead-Cadmium Diet received a diet containing both 500 ppm lead and 100 ppm cadmium. After 60 days of exposure to their respective diets, animals were placed on restricted diets (15 g/day) of the identical food received during the exposure period. Each animal was trained to lever press on an FI 1-min schedule for 21 sessions (1 session/day). The results of schedule training showed that lead alone or cadmium alone was associated with increased lever pressing relative to control diet. However, when lead and cadmium were exposed jointly, performance was not significantly different from control performance. Similar attenuation of effects were observed for central neurotransmitter functions. Specifically, disturbances in dopamine and serotonin turnover that were produced by lead alone were attenuated by the cotreatment of cadmium and lead. Possible accounts of the apparent antagonism between cadmium and lead are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Biology of pheromone release by male caribbean fruit flies,Anastrepha suspensa (Diptera: Tephritidae)

Males of the Caribbean fruit fly,Anastrepha suspensa (Loew), typically form leks and attract females by releasing a multicomponent volatile pheromone. Previous reports have identified two nine-carbon alcohols, three lactones, a sesquiterpene, and a monoterpene in the volatiles. The present report is a study of the physiology of male pheromone release and of ecological and social interactions that influence pheromone release by laboratoryreared flies. Volatiles released by males were trapped on Tenax, eluted, separated, and quantitatively measured by gas chromatography. Experiments showed that the volatiles were primarily released from mouth and anus. Sealing the anal opening or the mouth with melted beeswax resulted in up to 40% or greater reduction in most components, and sealing both mouth and anus further reduced release of volatiles, but some volatiles are possibly still released directly from the cuticle. An anal pouch of everted tissue played a major role as a large evaporative surface for release of some of the volatile components. Male flies entrained to a 1410 light-dark cycle showed a peak release of volatiles at 11–12 hr into the photophase, but smaller quantities of the same volatiles were released over a broad period during the daylight hours. Laboratory-reared males peaked in pheromone release at 7–10 days and production and release continued through 35 days of age. Single males released significantly more of all components measured than did groups of males. The reduction by aggregations of males may be related to lekking behavior in this fruit fly. The pheromone probably serves to attract females to a lek site, but additional parameters are likely to enter into the choice of male made by the arriving female.This is University of Florida Agricultural Experiment Station Journal Series No. 9589.     

Individual differences in contextual facilitation: evidence from dyslexia and poor reading comprehension

Ninety-two 7- to 10-year-old children read words presented in isolation or following a spoken sentence context. In absolute terms, poor readers showed more contextual facilitation than good readers. However, when the relative benefit of context was assessed, this was greater for children with better reading skills, and comprehension was a better predictor of contextual facilitation than decoding. Study 2 compared the performance of dyslexics with that of reading-age matched poor comprehenders and normal readers. The dyslexics showed greater contextual facilitation than the normal readers who, in turn, showed more priming than poor comprehenders. The results show that dyslexic children use context to compensate for poor decoding skills, whereas children with poor reading comprehension skills fail to benefit from context as much as normal readers.     

Predicting distributed retinal source activity from ERG data. II. Multiple stimulus approach

For pt.I see ibid., vol.35, no.11, p.941-7 (1988). The objective of this research is the noninvasive prediction of retinal cell activity; more specifically, the goal is to assess the healthiness of discrete regions of the retina. The authors describe a multiple-stimulus approach which involves a single-potential measurement of the cornea as is commonly done clinically at present, but which multiple-flash stimuli. The technique is ultimately dependent on the patient's ability to focus on the external flash stimulus pattern. The individual components of the ERG (electroretinogram), which are directly associated with specific parts of the stimulus pattern (and thus, localized regions on the retina), are stripped off of the composite ERG using signal-correlation techniques. At the heart of this approach is the requirement that the isolated stimuli are each individually uncorrelated to one another, i.e., they are random in time. An analytical ERG is constructed to test the efficacy of the use of single- and double-kernel correlations for predicting retinal impulse responses.<>     

Vesicle-associated protein 1: a novel ovarian immunocontraceptive target in the common brushtail possum, Trichosurus vulpecula

Ovarian-based immunological research is currently restricted to proteins of the zona pellucida. This study examined the immunocontraceptive potential of a novel vesicle-associated protein, VAP1, previously isolated from the vesicle-rich hemisphere of the brushtail possum oocyte. Seven female possums were immunized against recombinant glutathione S-transferase-VAP1 fusion protein. Control animals (n=3) received antigen-free vaccinations. Following immunization, regular blood sampling determined the level and duration of immune response. Animals were monitored daily, pre- and post-immunization, to determine estrous cycling activity and the percentage of reproductive cycles yielding viable young. The reproductive tracts and somatic organs of VAP1-immunized (n=7), control-immunized (n=3) and non-immunized (n=5) animals were collected and examined by histology and transmission electron microscopy. VAP1 immunization caused a strong and sustained immune response. Elevated levels of VAP1 antibody binding were detected in sera following initial injections, and immune titers rose as boosters were administered. Immunization had no adverse effect upon animal behavior or body condition. Immunized females demonstrated no major change in annual estrous cycling activity; however, the percentage of reproductive cycles resulting in pouch young decreased significantly (P<0.05) by 40%. Histological and ultrastructural analyses revealed an abundance of lipid-like degradation bodies within the ooplasm of developing oocytes and the cytoplasm of failing uterine zygotes. Active macrophage invasion of enlarged endometrial glands was observed in the uteri of two females. Reproductive tract changes are discussed in relation to observed fertility decline. The results of this study indicate that VAP1 has exciting potential as an immunocontraceptive target for possum control in New Zealand.