Cooperation between memory systems: Acetylcholine release in the amygdala correlates positively with performance on a hippocampus-dependent task.

The present experiment examined the relationship between release of acetylcholine (ACh) in the amygdala and performance on a hippocampus-dependent spatial working memory task. Using in vivo microdialysis, the authors measured ACh release in rats during testing on a spontaneous alternation task. Amygdala ACh release was positively correlated with performance on the hippocampus-dependent task. These findings suggest that activation of the amygdala promotes processing in other neural systems important for learning and memory. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The oven test as an index of keeping quality

The Schaal or Oven Test, originally developed by the biscuit and cracker industry to provide a relative rating for stability of various shortenings, has been generally adopted by shortening manulacturers. Advantages as well as limitations of the test are enumerated. It is possible to estimate the Oven Test by determining peroxide development in the test sample after two to four days in the oven. Oven Tests may also be conducted without having determined them organoleptically by observing the color change at the point of extreme rancidity. Peroxide formation occurring in a fat contained in biscuits or crackers when subjected to the Oven Test has been investigated and a simple and rapid method of extracting the fat, without changing its peroxide characteristics, has been devised. Lever brothers company     

Short-term and long-term failures of anterior polymethylmethacrylate construct with esophageal perforation

Three patients with a history of anterior spinal surgery treated with a polymethylmethacrylate construct had extrusion of their constructs. In two instances, there were life-threatening esophageal fistulas, mediastinitis, and sepsis 3 months to 10 years after the original surgery. Surgical treatment required removal of the construct, treatment of the esophageal injury, and use of new spinal stabilization. Based on their experience and a review of the literature, the authors strongly recommend against the use of polymethylmethacrylate alone in anterior procedures involving the cervical spine except to treat malignancies in patients with a short life expectancy.     

A 4-MB on-chip L2 cache for a 90-nm 1.6-GHz 64-bit microprocessor

A 4-MB L2 data cache was implemented for a 64-bit 1.6-GHz SPARC(r) RISC microprocessor. Static sense amplifiers were used in the SRAM arrays and for global data repeaters, resulting in robust and flexible timing operation. Elimination of the global clock grid over the SRAM array saves power, enabled by combining the clock information with array select signals. Redundancy was implemented flexibly, with shift circuits outside the main data array for area efficiency. The chip integrates 315 million transistors and uses an 8-metal-layer 90-nm CMOS process.     

The effect of antimicrobial agents on the induction of tumour necrosis factor by alveolar macrophages in vitro in response to endotoxin

1. In the present study, we evaluated the role of repeated administration on conditioning place preference (CPP) induced by fencamfamine (FCF) in male rats. 2. Repeated FCF (3.5 mg/kg) or saline once or daily for ten consecutive days enhanced sniffing duration and decreased locomotion and rearing duration. 3. At the 3.5 mg/kg dose, FCF produced a significant place-preference effect. 4. Repeated exposures to FCF intensified its reinforcing properties. 5. These results suggest that repeated FCF administration sensitizes its rewarding effects, as with other addictive substances.