Recension des écrits sur l'impact des contacts sexuels précoces sur les hommes.

A review of the literature on the impact of sexual contacts between adults and boys reveals the existence of two principal outcomes: 1) some participants develop various disorders once in adulthood, such as behavioural problems, sexual disorders, or personality problems; 2) some participants do not present with any major disorders in the long run. These different outcomes may be associated with several moderating variables related to the sexual contacts, such as the level of coercion at the time of these contacts, the bond between the child and the adult, or the context of the sexual relation. However, the conclusions relating to the relations between early sexual contacts with adults and subsequent problems of adaptation in adulthood are difficult to determine. This is because of various methodological problems associated with relevant studies (i.e., definition of these contacts, nature of the sample, method evaluation, statistical analyses). In this article, we propose certain avenues of research that may help clarify this problem. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Towards deterministic downscaling of SMOS soil moisture using MODIS derived soil evaporative efficiency

A deterministic approach for downscaling ～ 40 km resolution Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) observations is developed from 1 km resolution MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data. To account for the lower soil moisture sensitivity of MODIS surface temperature compared to that of L-band brightness temperature, the disaggregation scale is fixed to 10 times the spatial resolution of MODIS thermal data (10 km). Four different analytic downscaling relationships are derived from MODIS and physically-based model predictions of soil evaporative efficiency. The four downscaling algorithms differ with regards to i) the assumed relationship (linear or nonlinear) between soil evaporative efficiency and near-surface soil moisture, and ii) the scale at which soil parameters are available (40 km or 10 km). The 1 km resolution airborne L-band brightness temperature from the National Airborne Field Experiment 2006 (NAFE'06) are used to generate a time series of eleven clear sky 40 km by 60 km near-surface soil moisture observations to represent SMOS pixels across the three-week experiment. The overall root mean square difference between downscaled and observed soil moisture varies between 1.4% v/v and 1.8% v/v depending on the downscaling algorithm used, with soil moisture values ranging from 0 to 15% v/v. The accuracy and robustness of the downscaling algorithms are discussed in terms of their assumptions and applicability to SMOS.     

Self-Organized Monitoring in Ad-Hoc Networks

We propose in this paper a self-organized monitoring architecture for mobile ad-hoc networks based on a selective scheme where subsets of nodes are managed. These nodes are determined based on their network behavior in order to favor subsets of well-connected nodes. The key idea is to relax the requirements of the management plane, and to use these manageable subsets to monitor the performance of the overall network. We therefore propose a new performance metric to be monitored, in order to estimate the capability of ad-hoc nodes to communicate end-to-end in the network. Extensive simulations show how different parameters affect this metric.     

Guest Editors' Introduction: Realizing Service-Centric Software Systems

Service-centric software system is a multidisciplinary paradigm concerned with software systems that are constructed as compositions of autonomous services. These systems extend the service-oriented architecture paradigm by focusing on the design, development, and maintenance of software built under SOAs. In this special issue, we present five articles that tackle service-centric software systems.     

Possible involvement of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase in regulated exocytosis: studies in chromaffin cells with inhibitor LY294002

Several lines of evidence suggest that phosphorylated products of phosphatidylinositol play critical functions in the regulation of membrane trafficking along the secretory pathway. To probe the possible involvement of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase) in regulated exocytosis, we have examined its subcellular distribution in cultured chromaffin cells by immunoreplica analysis and confocal immunofluorescence. We found that the PI 3-kinase heterodimer consisting of the regulatory and catalytic subunits was associated essentially with the subplasmalemmal cytoskeleton in both resting and nicotine-stimulated chromaffin cells. Attempts to immunoprecipitate PI 3-kinase with anti-phosphotyrosine antibodies failed, suggesting that the activity of PI 3-kinase was not modulated by tyrosine phosphorylation and/or physical interaction with SH2-containing proteins in stimulated chromaffin cells. LY294002 [2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one], a potent inhibitor of PI 3-kinase, produced a dose-dependent inhibition of catecholamine secretion evoked by various secretagogues. Furthermore, cytochemical experiments with rhodamine-labeled phalloidin revealed that LY294002 blocked the disassembly of cortical actin in chromaffin cells stimulated by a depolarizing concentration of potassium. Our results suggest that PI 3-kinase may be one of the important regulatory exocytotic components involved in the signaling cascade controlling actin rearrangements required for catecholamine secretion.     

FDTD solution of Maxwell's equations for an edge slot penetratingadjacent broadwalls of a finite wall thickness waveguide

The finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method is applied to predict reflection coefficients for edge slots penetrating the adjacent broadsides of thick nailed rectangular X-band waveguides. Measured and calculated values S₁₁ are compared to experiment for waveguides terminated by shorted loads     

Microwave cavity perturbation technique: Part I: Principles

This report reviews the analysis used to extract the complex conductivity of a compound from a microwave cavity perturbation measurement. We intend to present a generalized treatment valid for any spheroidally shaped sample of arbitrary conductivity which is placed at either the electric or magnetic field antinode of the cavity. To begin with, we establish the relationship between the measured parameters and the conductivity for a spherical sample. Next, we extend these results to the case of spheroids; and for the first time, we cover all different configurations that one can possibly use to study an arbitrary conducting sample inside a cavity: in particular, all possible orientations of the sample with respect to the applied field are solved.     

Surface designing of polypropylene by critical monitoring of the grafting conditions

The grafting of acrylic acid onto electron beam‐irradiated polypropylene was carried out using preirradiation method. The stability of peroxy radicals was investigated by electron spin resonance. It was found that the decay of peroxy radicals is much faster at 70°C than at 40°C and ambient temperature. The grafting has been observed to be strongly dependent on the monomer dilution in the reaction medium. The grafting was ascertained by attenuated total reflectance (ATR). The distribution of grafts across the samples was monitored by infrared microscopy. It was found that the graft management is considerably influenced by composition of the grafting medium. The grafting involving pure monomer leads to the surface enrichment with the polyacrylic acid chains. The samples grafted in pure monomer led to much lower contact angles as compared to the diluted monomer solution. The swelling of the grafted samples also showed a trend that was governed by the graft management. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 546–553, 2006