Über den Effekt der Einarbeitung von Diolen in Alkydharze auf Basis verzweigter Carbonsäuren

The Effect of the Use of Dihydric Alcohols in the Alkyd Resins Based on Branched Chain Fatty Acids By the modification of alkyd resins, based on the branched chain fatty acids with dihydric alcohols, the properties of the resins are strongly influenced. Not only the length but also the structure of the chain between two hydroxyl groups of the dihydroxy alcohol exert a considerable influence on the mechanical properties of the lacquer film. In addition, the structure of this chain is also important for the chemical resistance. The influence of the dihydroxy alcohol on the mechanical properties of the hardened lacquer films is partly due to the greater flexibility of the cross-linked system and partly due to the better plasticizing effect of the unbound alkyd part.     

Über den Einfluß von Comonomeren in Vinylacetat-Mischpolymer-Latexfarben auf die Eigenschaften des Farbfilms

The Effect of Co-monomers in Vinylacetate-Mixed polymer-Latex Paints on the Properties of the Paint Films The properties of vinylacetate-mixed polymer-latex paint films are strongly influenced by the amount of the co-monomer employed. This is shown with the help of a series of latex paints, which were prepared in the same way and with the same additives but with different amounts of ?VeoVa”? 911 and other co-monomers by copolymerisation with vinylacetate. If a small amount of acrylic acid is used in the mixed polymer, the stability of the latex increases but the alkali resistance of the paint film is reduced. The latter effect is less predominant if ?VeoVa”? 911 is used instead of other co-monomers, being negligible with sufficiently high content of ?VeoVa”? 911.     

Naive random subspace ensemble with linear classifiers for real-time classification of fMRI data

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) provides a spatially accurate measure of brain activity. Real-time classification allows the use of fMRI in neurofeedback experiments. With limited labelled data available, a fixed pre-trained classifier may be inaccurate. We propose that streaming fMRI data may be classified using a classifier ensemble which is updated through naive labelling. Naive labelling is a protocol where in the absence of ground truth, updates are carried out using the label assigned by the classifier. We perform experiments on three fMRI datasets to demonstrate that naive labelling is able to improve upon a pre-trained initial classifier.     

How Subsurface Water Technologies (SWT) can Provide Robust,Effective, and Cost-Efficient Solutions for Freshwater Management in Coastal Zones

Freshwater resources in coastal zones are limited while demands are high, resulting in problems like seasonal water shortage, overexploitation of freshwater aquifers, and seawater intrusion. Three subsurface water technologies (SWT) that can provide robust, effective, and cost-efficient solutions to manage freshwater resources in the subsurface are evaluated using groundwater modelling and validation at field-scale: (1) ASR-coastal to store freshwater surpluses in confined brackish-saline aquifers for recovery in times of demand, (2) the Freshkeeper to counteract salinization of well fields by interception and desalination of upconing brackish groundwater, and (3) the Freshmaker to combine ASR and Freshkeeper to enlarge the volume of natural freshwater lenses for later abstraction. The evaluation indicates that SWT can be used in various hydrogeological settings for various hydrogeological problems like seawater intrusion, upconing, and bubble drift during ASR and have significant economic benefits. Although only sporadically applied to date, we foresee that SWT will stimulate (cost-)efficient and sustainable exploitation of various freshwater sources (like groundwater, rainwater, treated waste water, surface water) in coastal zones. Prolonged SWT testing in the current pilots, replication of SWT in other areas worldwide, and the development of technical and non-technical support tools are required to facilitate potential end-users in investment decision making and SWT implementation.     

Shared perceptual basis of emotional expressions and trustworthiness impressions from faces.

Using a dynamic stimuli paradigm, in which faces expressed either happiness or anger, the authors tested the hypothesis that perceptions of trustworthiness are related to these expressions. Although the same emotional intensity was added to both trustworthy and untrustworthy faces, trustworthy faces who expressed happiness were perceived as happier than untrustworthy faces, and untrustworthy faces who expressed anger were perceived as angrier than trustworthy faces. The authors also manipulated changes in face trustworthiness simultaneously with the change in expression. Whereas transitions in face trustworthiness in the direction of the expressed emotion (e.g., high-to-low trustworthiness and anger) increased the perceived intensity of the emotion, transitions in the opposite direction decreased this intensity. For example, changes from high to low trustworthiness increased the intensity of perceived anger but decreased the intensity of perceived happiness. These findings support the hypothesis that changes along the trustworthiness dimension correspond to subtle changes resembling expressions signaling whether the person displaying the emotion should be avoided or approached. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Update of hormonal treatment in cancer of the prostate

Prostate carcinomas are heterogeneous tumors composed of hormone sensitive and hormone insensitive cells. Although all androgens have an effect on prostatic cells, it is believed that dihydrotestosterone (DHT) is the active metabolite primarily utilized by prostatic cancer cells for growth and division. Hormonal therapies are therefore designed to lower tissue levels of DHT or prevent its binding to receptors on prostatic cancer cells. The Veterans Administration Cooperative studies in the 1960s and 1970s laid the groundwork for the use and timing of hormonal therapy. Until recently orchiectomy and estrogens were the two main alternatives, but new compounds such as luteinizing hormone releasing hormone analogs and antiandrogens have shown to be as effective and less toxic than estrogens. Today, important controversies concerning the selection of the best primary treatment and the timing of initiating the hormonal therapy still exist. Second line hormonal strategies are used, but they still have to prove their impact on overall survival.     

Proton MR spectroscopy of prostatic tissue focused on the etection of spermine, a possible biomarker of malignant behavior in prostate cancer

To investigate whether polyamines may be valuable diagnostic and prognostic markers in prostate cancer, the presence of alyamines was studied in various human prostatic tissues using both proton magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy and righ-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). The HPLC results showed that normal and benign hyperplastic prostatic tissues re characterized by a high content of spermine. Spermine levels were reduced in tumor tissue, especially in prostatic carcinoma h metastases, and in xenografts of human prostatic carcinoma cells. These preliminary results indicate that spermine may be d as a biomarker for malignant behavior. The MR spectroscopy study showed that it is possible to detect spermine resonances prostatic biopsy material by one-dimensional and two-dimensional J-resolved MR spectroscopy at high field (600 MHz). ocalized one-dimensional in vitro MR spectra obtained at the clinical field strength of 1.5 T showed spermine signals in the region between 3.0 and 3.3 ppm. In in vivo MR spectra of the human prostate, however, these signals were obscured by esonances of choline (3.2 ppm) and creatine (3.0 ppm).     

Structure and properties of polypivalolactone

Pivalolactone (α,α-dimethyl-β-propiolactone) can be polymerized to linear polyesters with widely different molecular weights. The polymer has a high degree of crystallinity and a high crystalline melting point. Several other basic properties of the polymer have been determined, such as molecular weight, glass-transition temperature, rheological characteristics, etc., and its possible use in the fibre and plastics field has been extensively investigated. It was found that the polymer, when adequately stabilized, has a high thermal stability and shows hardly any discoloration upon processing.Ultimate products such as fibres and injection-moulded articles based on polypivalolactone have a high resistance to hydrolysis, heat and chemicals, and exhibit excellent weathering properties. A remarkable characteristic of the products is their high elastic recovery, in particular after annealing at high temperatures. Many of the observed properties can be explained by means of the molecular and crystalline structure of the polymer.