Unspoken knowledge: Implicit learning of structured human dance movement.

The sequencing of dance movements may be thought of as a grammar. We investigate implicit learning of regularities that govern sequences of unfamiliar, discrete dance movements. It was hypothesized that observers without prior experience with contemporary dance would be able to learn regularities that underpin structured human movement. Thirty-one adults were assigned to either an exposure or a control group. Exposure consisted of 22 grammatical 3-, 4-, and 5-movement sequences presented twice in random order; sequence duration ranged from 9 to 19 s. In a test phase, exposure and control groups identified previously unseen sequences as grammatical or ungrammatical, and rated confidence of judgment. The exposure group selected significantly more new grammatical sequences in the test phase than the control group. In addition, for the exposure group, the zero correlation criterion, wherein no relation between confidence and accuracy indicates unconscious knowledge, was satisfied. Through exposure, novice observers can learn a grammar that governs the sequencing of dance movements. This has implications for implicit learning of long sequences, working memory, and the development of expectations through exposure to contemporary dance. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Influence of the type and degree of alteration of andesite and dacite on the quality and life of asphaltic concrete

This report deals with the influence of alteration processes in andesite and dacite with special reference to those alterations and characteristics of stone having the greatest influence on the quality of asphaltic concrete mixes. Using andesites and dacites with extremely different properties for standard asphaltic mixes has proved that quality of the mixes very much depends on the quality of the stone aggregate used. Properties of stone aggregate of different degree and type of alteration have a significant influence on the rheological characteristics of bitumen. Therefore, special attention has been paid to this influence.