Perfluorocarbons in Chemical Biology

Perfluorocarbons, saturated carbon chains in which all the hydrogen atoms are replaced with fluorine, form a separate phase from both organic and aqueous solutions. Though perfluorinated compounds are not found in living systems, they can be used to modify biomolecules to confer orthogonal behavior within natural systems, such as improved stability, engineered assembly, and cell-permeability. Perfluorinated groups also provide handles for purification, mass spectrometry, and ¹⁹F NMR studies in complex environments. Herein, we describe how the unique properties of perfluorocarbons have been employed to understand and manipulate biological systems.     

不锈钢塔器在硫酸装置中的应用

摘 要:主要介绍Sasol Agri公司硫酸四系统的技术改造,分两步进行,第一步更换转化器、热换热器及主省煤器,生产能力由1600t/d提高到1750 t/d,且鼓风机出口压力很低。第二步更换干燥塔、二吸塔及冷换热器,连续生产能力在1950 t/d以上。使用不锈钢材质及克瓦纳·凯密迪公司专有的换热器,使装置的改造相当成功,维护及操作费用较低,并具有较大的灵活性和可操作性。     

可重定位的基于事务的系统级验证

功能验证已经成为开发SoC的主要问题。随着一些复杂SoC的规模超过两千万门，以及对开发和集成嵌入式软件的需求持续增加，软件模拟器已经力所不及。在设计过程需要几百万个时钟周期来充分测试和验证软件功能的情况下，软件仿真器的性能下降到1-5Hz。按照这种速率，软件调试需要几年的时     

Estimating phonation threshold pressure

Phonation threshold pressure (PTP) is the minimum subglottal pressure required to initiate vocal fold oscillation. Although potentially useful clinically, PTP is difficult to estimate noninvasively because of limitations to vocal motor control near the threshold of soft phonation. Previous investigators observed, for example, that trained subjects were unable to produce flat, consistent oral pressure peaks during/pae/syllable strings when they attempted to phonate as softly as possible (Verdolini-Marston, Titze, & Druker, 1990). The present study aimed to determine if nasal airflow or vowel context affected phonation threshold pressure as estimated from oral pressure (Smitheran & Hixon, 1981) in 5 untrained female speakers with normal velopharyngeal and voice function. Nasal airflow during /p/occlusion was observed for 3 of 5 participants when they attempted to phonate near threshold pressure. When the nose was occluded, nasal airflow was reduced or eliminated during /p/;however, individuals then evidenced compensatory changes in glottal adduction and/or respiratory effort that may be expected to alter PTP estimates. Results demonstrate the importance of monitoring nasal flow (or the flow zero point in undivided masks) when obtaining PTP measurements noninvasively. Results also highlight the need to pursue improved methods for noninvasive estimation of PTP.     

Thoracic epidural anesthesia as the last option for treating angina in a patient before coronary artery bypass surgery

Robertsonian translocations, although relatively common as a constitutional genetic aberration, are rarely encountered in leukaemia. We report a case of acute myeloid leukaemia which showed an acquired Robertsonian translocation in the form of der(14;21) by cytogenetic analysis of leukaemic cells. This was confirmed by the PHA-stimulated culture of peripheral blood lymphocytes. A review of the literature identifies only eight reported cases of acquired Robertsonian translocations in leukaemia. In the majority of cases the Robertsonian translocation occurs as a secondary change in a complex abnormal clone, whereas in two out of nine patients reported, including ours, it is found as a sole karyotypic abnormality.