Pneumothorax. A complication of fine needle aspiration of breast tumors

Of 1,666 patients who underwent fine needle aspiration for breast lumps, 4 developed pneumothorax as a complication. The incidence of this complication in our patients is 1:417. The clinical manifestations were immediate chest pain, shoulder pain and, occasionally, dyspnea that developed later. Observation is sufficient treatment in most patients, and rarely is drainage of the pneumothorax required.     

Interconnection of Subsystem Reduced-Order Models in the Electrothermal Analysis of Large Systems

Heat conduction in an electronic device is commonly modeled as a discretized thermal system (e.g., finite element or finite difference models) that typically uses large matrices for solving complex problems. The large size of electronic-system heat transfer models can be reduced using model reduction methods and the resulting reduced-order models can yield accurate results with far less computational costs. Electronic devices are typically composed of components, like chips, printed circuit boards, and heat sinks that are coupled together. There are two ways of creating reduced-order models for devices that have many coupled components. The first way is to create a single reduced-order model of the entire device. The second way is to interconnect reduced-order models of the components that constitute the device. The second choice (which we call the "reduce then interconnect" approach) allows the heat transfer specialist to perform quick simulations of different architectures of the device by using a library of reduced-order models of the different components that make up the device. However, interconnecting reduced-order models in a straightforward manner can result in unstable behavior. The purpose of this paper is two-fold: creating reduced-order models of the components using a Krylov subspace algorithm and interconnecting the reduced-order models in a stable manner using concepts from control theory. In this paper, we explain the logic behind the "reduce then interconnect" approach, formulate a control-theoretic method for it, and finally exhibit the whole process numerically, by applying it to an example heat conduction problem     

Physiological and morphological heterogeneity of dentate gyrus-hilus interneurons in the gerbil hippocampus in vivo

A variety of morphological types of dentate gyrus/hilus interneurons have been described, but little is known about their corresponding physiological characteristics. To address this issue, intracellular responses to current injection and perforant path stimulation were obtained from putative dentate interneurons in anaesthetized adult gerbils. Our sample of interneurons showed heterogeneity in their intrinsic physiological characteristics and spike thresholds to perforant path stimulation, suggesting the existence of distinct physiologically-defined classes. 'Fast-spiking' interneurons had a low threshold to perforant path stimulation, whereas 'slow-spiking' interneurons responded with predominantly inhibitory potentials. In several cases, cells were intracellularly labelled with biocytin for visualization. Interneurons with different physiological traits had distinct morphological features. These results confirm that, as in hippocampus proper, morphologically identifiable interneurons in the dentate hilus show electrophysiological features that are likely to reflect functionally specific roles in informational processing.     

Obtaining high-alumina cement at the semiluksk refractories factory

Conclusions We demonstrate that it is, in principle, possible to obtain refractory high-alumina cement on industrial equipment at the Semiluksk refractories factory. Technological parameters were developed for preparing raw mixtures, pressing the green articles and firing in a tunnel kiln. It was established that the mass percentage of SiO₂ in the raw mixture should not exceed 1.5%. For industrial production of high-alumina cement in department No. 1 it is necessary to implement measures on the mechanization of the production process.Translated from Ogneupory, No. 5, pp. 26–28, May, 1986.     

The manufacture of lightweight,heat-insulating refractory goods with an operating temperature up to 1750°C

Conclusions The possibility is shown of obtaining lightweight refractories with an operational temperature of 1750°C and having a wide range of properties. The use of these refractories depends on the particular requirements and the conditions of service.Translated from Ogneupory, No. 3, pp. 24–28, March, 1986.     

3D Motion recovery via affine Epipolar geometry

Algorithms to perform point-based motion estimation under orthographic and scaled orthographic projection abound in the literature. A key limitation of many existing algorithms is that they operate on the minimum amount of data required, often requiring the selection of a suitable minimal set from the available data to serve as a local coordinate frame. Such approaches are extremely sensitive to errors and noise in the minimal set, and forfeit the advantages of using the full data set. Furthermore, attention is seldom paid to the statistical performance of the algorithms.We present a new framework that allowsall available features to be used in the motion computations, without the need to select a frame explicitly. This theory is derived in the context of theaffine camera, which preserves parallelism and generalises the orthographic, scaled orthographic and para-perspective models. We define the affine epipolar geometry for two such cameras, giving the fundamental matrix in this case. The noise resistant computation of the epipolar geometry is discussed, and a statistical noise model constructed so that confidence in the results can be assessed.The rigid motion parameters are then determineddirectly from the epipolar geometry, using the novel rotation representation of Koenderink and van Doorn (1991). The two-view partial motion solution comprises the scale factor between views, the projection of the 3D axis of rotation and the cyclotorsion angle, while the addition of a third view allows the true 3D rotation axis to be computed (up to a Necker reversal). The computed uncertainties in these parameters permit optimal estimates to be obtained over time by means of a linear Kalman filter. Our theory extends work by Huang and Lee (1989), Harris (1990), and Koenderink and van Doorn (1991), and results are given on both simulated and real data.