Adolescents' theories about the development of their relationships with parents.

Assessed 100 undergraduates' developmental theories about their affective relationships with their parents, using a retrospective method. Ss used drawings and questionnaire ratings to portray their relationships with parents at 5 points between infancy and the present. From infancy to their current age, Ss portrayed their relationships in 2 major ways: They perceived themselves as gaining in responsibility, dominance, independence, and similarity from infancy to the present, whereas they portrayed their parents as experiencing a decline on these dimensions. For variables indicating closeness and love, however, there was a striking discontinuity in these linear trends: Although Ss perceived linear trends from infancy to adolescence, they depicted their current relationships as involving a great deal more love and closeness. They also portrayed their relationships with mothers and fathers somewhat differently. More responsibility was felt toward the mothers and they were portrayed as especially friendly, but Ss felt more similar to their fathers, whom they perceived as dominant. Results suggest that late adolescents construct theories of the affective components of their relationships with their parents to serve the needs of separation while maintaining a close affective tie to the parents. (24 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Lynch Syndrome: Its Impact on Urothelial Carcinoma

Lynch syndrome, known as hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC), is an autosomal-dominant familial cancer syndrome with an increased risk for urothelial cancer (UC). Mismatch repair (MMR) deficiency, due to pathogenic variants in MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, and PMS2, and microsatellite instability, are known for development of Lynch syndrome (LS) associated carcinogenesis. UC is the third most common cancer type in LS-associated tumors. The diversity of germline variants in the affected MMR genes and their following subsequent function loss might be responsible for the variation in cancer risk, suggesting an increased risk of developing UC in MSH2 mutation carriers. In this review, we will focus on LS-associated UC of the upper urinary tract (UUT) and bladder, their germline profiles, and outcomes compared to sporadic UC, the impact of genetic testing, as well as urological follow-up strategies in LS. In addition, we present a case of metastatic LS-associated UC of the UUT and bladder, achieving complete response during checkpoint inhibition since more than 2 years.     

Constructive criticism and social lies: A developmental sequence for understanding honesty and kindness in social interactions.

To provide an assessment of the dynamics of development of complex sociomoral concepts, a 10-step scale for assessing development of understanding relations between honesty and kindness was administered under multiple assessment conditions to 113 youths who were 9–20 yrs old. The sequence proved to be both scalable and reliable, even while level of understanding varied greatly as a function of contextual support and practice. Development moved through 3 age periods: With high support and practice, youths aged 9–22 yrs demonstrated abstract concepts of honesty and kindness, youths aged 13–25 yrs demonstrated simple abstract relations, and youths aged 16–20 yrs demonstrated complex abstract relations. Independent of age and verbal intelligence, understanding related to prosocial problem solving but not to nonsocial problem solving. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Acquisition of self and mother knowledge in infancy.

Infants' developing understanding of self and mother was assessed in two domains, using four tasks. All four sets of tasks significantly followed the predicted sequences, which suggests that infants followed the same basic developmental progression in understanding themselves as in understanding their mothers. In addition, the temporal priority, or decalage, of acquiring each sequence was tested to determine whether infants acquired the sense of self and mother at the same time or at different times. We hypothesized that in the agency domain infants could act on the self before they could act on their mothers. Conversely, in the feature domain, infants could identify characteristics of their mothers before those of themselves. Before 18 months, decalage fit the predicted pattern for both the agency and feature domains. At later ages, however, the pattern became more complex. After 18 months, there was no consistent decalage for the feature domain. In the agency domain, the predicted pattern of acquiring self-knowledge before knowledge of mother was generally supported, with a suggestion of a change later in the sequence. At about 3 years of age, some children seemed to become defensive about categorizing themselves as a baby. We hypothesized that the changes in decalage after 1? years reflected the onset of representational abilities. (49 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)