A Similarity Criterion for Supersonic Flow Past a Cylinder with a Frontal High-Porosity Cellular Insert

We have experimentally and numerically studied the influence of the ratio of the diameter of a cylinder with a frontal gas-permeable porous insert made of nickel sponge to the average pore diameter in the insert on the aerodynamic drag of this model body in supersonic airflow (M_∞ = 4.85, 7, and 21). The analytical dependence of the normalized drag coefficient on a parameter involving the Mach number and the ratio of cylinder radius to average pore radius in the insert is obtained. It is suggested to use this parameter as a similarity criterion in the problem of supersonic airflow past a cylinder with a frontal high-porosity cellular insert.     

Viscous Shock Layer on a Cone in Hypersonic Flow

The results are given of a theoretical investigation of hypersonic flow past a pointed cone at zero angle of attack. The flow characteristics are calculated using equations of complete viscous shock layer. The universal dimensionless dependence of the Stanton number on the determining parameters of the problem is obtained.     

Efficiency throughout

Amurstal' Plant. Translated from Metallurg, No. 10, pp. 12–13, October, 1992.     

Possibilities of Deep Burnup of Americium and Neptunium in the Core of a Fast Sodium Reactor

One-time deep burnup of actinides (up to burnup >90% h.a.) followed by burial in geological formations without reprocessing is of great interest. In this paper, a method is proposed for deep burnup of americium and neptunium in special assemblies, containing actinides in an inert (stone-like) matrix and a strong moderator (zirconium hydride). Placing 130 such assemblies into a BN-800 core with oxide fuel permits 90–95% h.a. burnup in a realistic time – 2–3 runs (2.5–3.5 yr). Such a reactor permits utilizing up to 110 kg of americium and neptunium per year.     

Coefficients of transformation of long-wavelength perturbations of a supersonic incident flow around a wedge into pressure fluctuations on its surface

The interaction of different types of long-wavelength perturbations of a supersonic incident flow around a wedge with an arising shock wave is simulated numerically. The results of parametric calculations are compared with the data of the linear theory for the interaction of perturbations with a shock wave in the absence of a body. Data on the structure of pressure fluctuations behind the shock wave on the wedge and data on the coefficients of transformation of external perturbations represented in the form of analytical dependences on the angle of inclination of the shock wave, the angle of propagation of external perturbations, and the incident Mach number are obtained.     

A numerical study of non-equilibrium flows with different vibrational relaxation models

Comparative analysis of a widely used Landau–Teller formula for small deviations from thermal equilibrium and its generalized form, derived from the kinetic theory of gaseous, for an arbitrary deviation from the thermal equilibrium is performed by numerical simulation. Thermally non-equilibrium flows of carbon dioxide near a sharp-edged plate, pure nitrogen flows between two symmetrically located wedges, and the N₂/N mixture flow with vibrational relaxation and dissociation over a cone have been considered. A comparison has been performed with the available experimental data.     

Production of paraffin for the food industry from Ozeksuatskii petroleum

Summary This work has shown that it is possible to use a paraffin for the food industry based on grades A and D paraffin stocks obtained from Ozeksuatskii petroleum, provided they are further purified.The use of a highly purified paraffin, melting at 50.9°C and containing not more than 2% oil, for the preparation of wrappings for food products, may provide greater resilience in the paraffin film than the use of a high-boiling and highly purified paraffin melting at 56.5°C and containing 0.38% oil.Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 8, pp. 30–31, August, 1966.