The interaction of chromostereopsis and stereopsis in stereoscopic CRT displays

To give operators of high-speed, highly-manoeuvrable vehicles the ability to keep pace with their increasingly dynamic environment, stereoscopic 3-D displays may soon replace conventional 2-D displays. Important to the development of stereoscopic 3-D displays is the interaction of perceived depth created by hues (chromostereopsis) and perceived depth created by presenting different images of a single object to the left and right eye of the observer (stereopsis). The purpose of this research is to evaluate the interaction of chromostereopsis and stereopsis on a stereoscopic CRT by determining the level of accuracy with which subjects can properly interpret the relative depth differences of adjacent symbols containing six levels of hue and seven levels of stereoscopic disparity. This research demonstrated that hue, disparity, and the interaction of hue and disparity significantly influenced one's perception of depth on a stereoscopic monitor. The results suggest that caution should be exercised by the stereoscopic 3-D display format designer when choosing hues to represent images located in close proximity on a stereoscopic display. Due to the chromostereoscopic effect on the perception of depth, hues on extreme ends of the colour spectrum should not be used in situations where less than 3.39 arc minutes of disparity difference is being portrayed on a stereoscopic display, unless the hues are consistently being used to alter the depth presented by stereoscopic disparity, or the chromostereoscopic depth resulting from certain hues is consistently nullified by altering disparity levels accordingly.     

Performance Comparison of Four Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Deck Panels

In an effort to assess the constructability and performance of bridges with fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composite decks, the short-term and long-term responses of a 207 m, five-span bridge retrofitted with four different FRP panel systems were monitored. The overall aspects of the panel systems, connection details, and construction techniques are presented prior to presentation of the observed and measured responses. Key design parameters (impact factors, girder distribution factors, and level of composite action) for FRP and reinforced concrete decks are evaluated. This paper demonstrates that FRP replacement decks are a viable alternative to reinforced concrete decks and identifies the differences in performances of various FRP deck systems. Two of the FRP panel systems were found to perform considerably better than the other deck systems. Issues that may reduce the service life of FRP deck systems are presented and discussed.     

Effects of foam on ocean surface microwave emission inferred from radiometric observations of reproducible breaking waves

WindSat, the first satellite polarimetric microwave radiometer, and the NPOESS Conical Microwave Imager/Sounder both have as a key objective the retrieval of the ocean surface wind vector from radiometric brightness temperatures. Available observations and models to date show that the wind direction signal is only 1-3 K peak-to-peak at 19 and 37 GHz, much smaller than the wind speed signal. In order to obtain sufficient accuracy for reliable wind direction retrieval, uncertainties in geophysical modeling of the sea surface emission on the order of 0.2 K need to be removed. The surface roughness spectrum has been addressed by many studies, but the azimuthal signature of the microwave emission from breaking waves and foam has not been adequately addressed. Recently, a number of experiments have been conducted to quantify the increase in sea surface microwave emission due to foam. Measurements from the Floating Instrumentation Platform indicated that the increase in ocean surface emission due to breaking waves may depend on the incidence and azimuth angles of observation. The need to quantify this dependence motivated systematic measurement of the microwave emission from reproducible breaking waves as a function of incidence and azimuth angles. A number of empirical parameterizations of whitecap coverage with wind speed were used to estimate the increase in brightness temperatures measured by a satellite microwave radiometer due to wave breaking in the field of view. These results provide the first empirically based parameterization with wind speed of the effect of breaking waves and foam on satellite brightness temperatures at 10.8, 19, and 37 GHz.     

A study of Hogan's model of counselor development and supervision.

The construct validity and developmental structure of R. A. Hogan's (see record 1966-00843-001) model of counselor development and supervision were studied using a sample of 141 counseling psychology graduate student trainees, interns, and professional staff in 20 university counseling centers. Counselor development questionnaire items were developed into 2 arrangements: one based on Hogan's concepts as he organized them into levels, and another derived empirically using factor analysis. The 2 configurations were compared for their ability to predict experience level of Ss using discriminant function analysis. Each empirical factor was also examined for relationship with experience by means of 1-way ANOVA with preplanned comparisons. Results indicate that counselor development is best described by a complex rather than a simple model and that it involves factors of Anxiety/Doubt, Independence, Method/Skills Training, Work Validation, Commitment Ambivalence, and Respectful Confrontation. Developmental profiles of these issues are described, and implications for supervision and training programs are discussed. (22 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Determination of boswellic acids in brain and plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry

Peritumoral edema, one of the major causes for neurological disorders in brain tumor patients, is mainly treated with steroids, which unfortunately have significant side effects and interfere with the efficacy of chemotherapy. Boswellic acids, the main active ingredients of Boswellia serrata, are antiinflammatory agents, inhibiting 5-lipoxygenase, the key enzyme of leukotriene biosynthesis and one of the pathophysiological mechanisms of peritumoral edema. Based on positive results in clinical trials and animal studies, B. serrata resin dry extract was designated an orphan drug by the European Commission for the treatment of peritumoral edema resulting from brain tumors. Thus boswellic acids may be alternative drugs to corticosteroids. However, the question of the availability of boswellic acids in brain has not been addressed until now. Accordingly, a highly sensitive LC/MS method has been developed for the simultaneous determination of KBA and AKBA, the most potent boswellic acids, in plasma and brain. This method involves matrix-assisted liquid-liquid extraction on Extrelut NT followed by separation on reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry detection using atmospheric pressure chemical ionization. Excellent linearity was obtained for the entire calibration range from 5 to 1500 ng/mL KBA and AKBA in plasma and 5 to 1000 ng/mL KBA and AKBA in brain. Validation assays of the lower limit of quantification as well as for the intra- and interday precision and accuracy met the international acceptance criteria for bioanalytical method validation. Moreover, the interchangeability of calibration curves generated in pork and rat brain homogenates could be demonstrated. Using the developed analytical method, KBA and AKBA could be detected for the first time in brain up to a concentration of 99 and 95 ng/g of brain, respectively, 3 h after the single oral administration of 240 mg/kg of dry B. serrata resin extract to Wistar rats. The developed method represents an appropriate tool to further study the time-dependent distribution of KBA and AKBA in plasma and brain as well as the absolute brain concentration after multiple doses and contributes thus to the optimization of the dosage regimen and to a better understanding of the therapeutic effects of B. serrata.     

单元化工厂——从内部出发掌握市场的动态变化

单元化工厂的概念提供了这样的机会，即通过采取迅速而又面向问题的行动，对市场中所产生的短期变化而作出反应。这种反应符合实际情况，因此对企业具有积极意义。本文以一个实例说明了企业适应市场要求的行为方式。     

A Study of Hogan's Model of Counselor Development and Supervision: Correction.

Reports an error in the original article "A Study of Hogan's Model of Counselor Development and Supervision" by G. N. Reising and H. M. Daniels (Journal of Counseling Psychology, 1983, Vol. 30, No. 2, pp. 235-244). 244). Errors appear in the placement of asterisks (*) denoting significance level in Tables 1 and 2. Significance levels should read as follows: For the Table 1 comparison (A vs. B): Factor 1 = as shown. For the Table 1 comparison (C vs. D): Factor 1 = ns; Factor 2 = ** (p 1983-26518-001): The construct validity and developmental structure of R. A. Hogan's (see record 196600843-001) model of counselor development and supervision were studied using a sample of 141 counseling psychology graduate student trainees, interns, and professional staff in 20 university counseling centers. Counselor development questionnaire items were developed into 2 arrangements: one based on Hogan's concepts as he organized them into levels, and another derived empirically using factor analysis. The 2 configurations were compared for their ability to predict experience level of Ss using discriminant function analysis. Each empirical factor was also examined for relationship with experience by means of 1-way ANOVA with preplanned comparisons. Results indicate that counselor development is best described by a complex rather than a simple model and that it involves factors of Anxiety/Doubt, Independence, Method/Skills Training, Work Validation, Commitment Ambivalence, and Respectful Confrontation. Developmental profiles of these issues are described, and implications for supervision and training programs are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Pallidal afferent territory of the Macaca mulatta thalamus: neuronal and synaptic organization of the VAdc

Ventral anterior thalamic nucleus pars densicellularis (VAdc) as delineated earlier (Ilinsky and Kultas-Ilinsky [1987] J. Comp. Neurol. 262:331-364) was analyzed by using qualitative and quantitative neuroanatomical techniques. Projection neurons (PN), retrogradely labeled with wheat germ agglutinin conjugated horseradish peroxidase from the cortex, were small to medium in size (mean area, 312 microm2) with numerous primary dendrites displaying a tufted branching pattern. Local circuit neurons (LCN), immunoreactive for gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamic acid decarboxylase, were small (mean area, 110 microm2), and gave off few dendrites. Two subpopulations of GABA positive boutons (F1 type) were distinguished: large (mean area, 2.6 microm2) terminals with symmetric synapses containing few pleomorphic vesicles and numerous mitochondria densely covered proximal PN sites; smaller F1 boutons with a slightly different morphology contacted mostly distal PN dendrites. Two subpopulations of terminals containing round vesicles and forming asymmetric synapses were distinguished by bouton size (mean areas, 0.4 microm2 and 1.6 microm2, respectively). These targeted mainly distal PN dendrites, but some synapsed proximally next to large F1 boutons. On distal dendrites, representatives of both types were labeled from the cortex. The density of boutons with symmetric and asymmetric synapses (the number of boutons per 100 microm of PN membrane length) was 3.3:0.2 on primary, 2.5:1.2 on secondary, and 0.8:12 on distal dendrites. The numerical density of synapses formed by presynaptic LCN dendrites on all PN levels was 20 to 40 times less than that of axon terminals at the same sites. Afferent input to LCN from boutons of all types, including that from 50% of labeled cortical boutons, mainly targeted distal dendrites. Overall, the findings suggest that PN in VAdc receive massive inhibitory input proximally intermingled with some presumably excitatory input, and that LCN contribution to PN inhibition is modest.