The effect of topical corticosteroids on refractive outcome and corneal haze after photorefractive keratectomy

BACKGROUND: The effect of topical corticosteroids after excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) remains a matter of some controversy. Refractive effects may be different according to the amount of myopia and timing of instillation. METHODS: Two groups of patients were studied: Study A consisted of 215 eyes (128 patients) with PRK (mean baseline myopia, -6.53 +/- 2.22 D) that received no corticosteroids (No Corticosteroid Group) unless significant regression or corneal haze appeared (Delayed Corticosteroid Group), and in Study B, we randomly assigned eyes to the Initial Corticosteroid Group (mean baseline myopia, -6.39 +/- 1.84 D) or the No/delayed Corticosteroid Group (mean baseline myopia -5.78 +/- 2.02 D). Clinical results after PRK for low-to-moderate and high myopia were compared. RESULTS: In the first group, 70.9% (73 eyes) of moderately myopic eyes (mean, -4.56 +/- 1.10 D) belonged to the No Corticosteroid Group that had a mean refraction of -5.39 +/- 1.77 D. Delayed Corticosteroid Group eyes were more myopic (mean, -7.52 +/- 2.10 D), and showed more severe haze than those in the No Corticosteroid Group. In study B, only in high myopes with more than -6.00 D (mean, -7.76 +/- 1.15 D) did refraction and corneal haze outcomes show significant difference between the Initial Corticosteroid Group and the No/delayed Corticosteroid Group. CONCLUSIONS: The effects of topical corticosteroids after PRK were less in moderate myopes compared to high myopes. Delayed instillation of corticosteroids did not reverse the regression or haze whereas initial instillation showed a beneficial effect on high myopes but not on moderate myopes.     

Longitudinal weight changes, length of survival, and energy requirements of long-term care residents with dementia

OBJECTIVE: We hypothesized that institutionalized patients with dementia, who frequently have feeding problems and require supervised and assisted feeding, would lose more weight during their residency than nondemented, independently functioning residents and have compromised survival. To test this hypothesis, we examined the survival and longitudinal changes in weight of two cohorts of institutionalized residents with dementia and compared these cohorts with a cohort of nondemented residents. We also measured the resting energy expenditures of a subset of the subjects with dementia as an indicator of their energy needs. DESIGN: A longitudinal cohort study with retrospective baseline chart review and subsequent follow-up of monthly weights and mortality over 4 years. SETTING: A 725-bed long-term care institution with specified levels of care. SUBJECTS: Two cohorts of residents with dementia, one consisting of subjects who required total care throughout their institutional stay (n = 31) and another group who did not initially require total care (n = 48); these were compared with a cohort with normal mentation who were functionally independent in their daily activities (n = 26). The total number of subjects was 105. MEASUREMENTS: Demographics, medical problems, and medications by chart review; functional and mental status evaluations; longitudinal monthly weights and mortality for the 48-month study period; and resting energy expenditures by indirect calorimetry. MAIN RESULTS: Residents with dementia had lower weights on admission and throughout their stay than nondemented, independently functioning residents, and they were more likely to have a weight loss of 10 lbs or more at some point during the 4-year study period. However, their mean weights did not change during the study period. The mean survival from admission of those demented residents who died was more than 3 years. Resting energy expenditures of women residents with advanced dementia were 12% lower than predicted from the Harris Benedict equations. CONCLUSION: Dementia is not necessarily associated with unremitting weight loss during institutionalization despite the frequent occurrence of feeding difficulties and temporary weight loss. This may be caused partly by the lower than expected resting energy expenditures and, hence, energy needs of affected residents as their dementia progresses. Demented residents weighed significantly less than nondemented, independently functioning residents throughout their institutional stay. Nevertheless, nursing staff are able to maintain weight and survival for extended periods even in very impaired residents.     

Vibratory drier for the chemical industry

Modern designs are examined, and technical data presented for vibratory electric and convection driers, driers with infra-red sources, and steam driers.     

Hydrocarbon impurities in SiF<Subscript>4</Subscript> and SiH<Subscript>4</Subscript> prepared from it

Using gas chromatography and high-resolution Fourier-transform IR spectroscopy, we have determined the concentrations of C₁–C₄ hydrocarbon impurities in isotopically unmodified silicon tetrafluoride before and after fine purification and in ²⁸Si-enriched SiF₄. The concentrations of C₁–C₄ hydrocarbon impurities in silicon tetrafluoride for SiH₄ synthesis have been shown to correlate with those in the synthesized silane.     

Production of hot-dipped tin plate 0.45–0.50 mm thick

Magnitogorsk Metallurgical Combine. Translated from Metallurg, No. 2, p. 37, February, 1991.     

Transport properties of Nd1.85Ce0.15 δ single crystals: The narrow-band model

The anisotropy of the resistivity and thermoelectric power (TEP)S of Nd_1.85Ce_0.15CuO_4?δ single crystal (T _c =17 K) has been investigated. In the temperature rangeT _c <T<300 K the ratioρ _c/ρ_ab≈10⁴ and the dependencesρ _ab (T) andρ _c (T) change from quadratic to linear atT～200 K. The dependencesS _ab (T) andS _c (T) reach a maximum atT>T _c and then decrease almost linearly with increasing temperature, changing sign from positive to negative nearT～ 150 K. The features of the resistivity and TEP temperature dependences (the lawρ∝T ² changing toρ∝T, the change in the sign of S with temperature, and the low TEP anisotropy at largeρ anisotropy) have been interpreted in the framework of the narrow-band model.     

Validation of a specific selection criterion for dental periapical radiography

We report three children with hemidystonia in whom anti-cardiolipin (aCL) antibodies were demonstrated. Systemic lupus erythematosus was excluded on the basis of both clinical and serological criteria, and the diagnosis of primary antiphospholipid syndrome (PAPS) was made. In two cases, aCL antibodies could be causally related to a presumed immune-mediated thrombotic event involving the basal ganglia as shown by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In the remaining patient the finding of white matter alteration on NMR might be due to cross-reactivity of anti-phospholipid (aPL) antibodies with cerebral phospholipids, resulting in demyelination. We suggest that PAPS must always be considered when isolated or recurrent focal cerebral ischaemia, and particularly hemidystonia, occur in childhood.