GIS在水利水电工程建设中的应用与展望

地理信息系统(GIS)作为一种工具在许多领域中得到了越来越广泛的应用.结合近年来GIS在水利水电工程建设中的应用情况,从技术角度综述了GIS在水利工程建设中的应用现状,并展望了GIS在水利水电工程建设领域应用的发展前景.     

Sublingual plicae (anterior processes) are not necessary for garter snake vomeronasal function.

The anterior processes of snakes may transfer odorants from the tongue to the vomeronasal (VN) organ. To test whether the anterior processes are required for a vomeronasally mediated behavior, the authors tested garter snakes (Thamnophis sirtalis) preoperatively and after cauterization of the anterior processes or control cauterization with artificial earthworms covered with earthworm wash (EWW) or distilled water. Snakes in both groups attacked EWW-covered artificial worms but not controls both pre- and postoperatively. In addition, snakes with anterior processes cauterization or control cauterization tongue flicked 3H-proline. Radioautographs of the VN organs of snakes with and without anterior processes were indistinguishable: Snakes in both groups had reduced silver grains over the VN sensory epithelium as had been reported previously with intact snakes. These findings indicate that the anterior processes are unnecessary both for a behavior known to require a functional VN system and for delivery of odorants to the VN organ. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The role of nasal chemical senses in garter snake response to airborne odor cues from prey.

Garter snakes increase tongue-flick rates in the presence of airborne odorants (amyl acetate, limonene, earthworm wash vapor, fish water vapor, earthworms, goldfish) but not water vapor. Main olfactory (MO) nerve lesions result in loss of this tongue-flick rate elevation in the presence of airbome odorants. Vomeronasal (VN) nerve lesions result in a diminution of tongue-flick rate elevation. Garter snakes discriminate between the 2 arms of a maze containing airbome earthworm odor as compared with a blank control. Following MO nerve lesions, snakes fail to make this discrimination. Following VN nerve lesions or VN duct suture, snakes are initially able to make the discrimination but may eventually cease to prefer the prey-odor side of the maze and may stop eating prey rewards. These results support the idea that airbome odorants are detected by the main MO system and that such detection does not require a functional VN system. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)