Organization structure as a moderator of the relationship between procedural justice, interactional justice, perceived organizational support, and supervisory trust.

Organizational justice researchers recognize the important role organization context plays in justice perceptions, yet few studies systematically examine contextual variables. This article examines how 1 aspect of context--organizational structure--affects the relationship between justice perceptions and 2 types of social exchange relationships, organizational and supervisory. The authors suggest that under different structural conditions, procedural and interactional justice will play differentially important roles in determining the quality of organizational social exchange (as evidenced by perceived organizational support [POS]) and supervisory social exchange (as evidenced by supervisory trust). In particular, the authors hypothesized that the relationship between procedural justice and POS would be stronger in mechanistic organizations and that the relationship between interactional justice and supervisory trust would be stronger in organic organizations. The authors' results support these hypotheses. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The merits of modern technology for today's high power short-wavetransmitters

Developments in high-power shortwave transmitters are described, and practical experience with such transmitters is reported. Topics discussed are: high-level anode modulation, the pulse step modulator (PSM), the switching module, control of the PSM, the RF driver and final stage, and other modulation techniques     

The role of overall justice judgments in organizational justice research: A test of mediation.

Organizational justice research traditionally focuses on the unique predictability of different types of justice (distributive, procedural, and interactional) and the relative importance of these types of justice on outcome variables. Recently, researchers have suggested shifting from this focus on specific types of justice to a consideration of overall justice. The authors hypothesize that overall justice judgments mediate the relationship between specific justice facets and outcomes. They present 2 studies to test this hypothesis. Study 1 demonstrates that overall justice judgments mediate the relationship between specific justice judgments and employee attitudes. Study 2 demonstrates the mediating relationship holds for supervisor ratings of employee behavior. Implications for research on organizational justice are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Transcranial duplex sonography of middle cerebral artery stenosis: a comparison of colour-coding techniques--frequency- or power-based Doppler and contrast enhancement

The main limitation of transcranial colour-coded duplex sonography (TCCD) is the inadequate acoustic window, which prevents transtemporal identification of the basal cerebral arteries in up to 30% of cases, especially in the elderly. TCCD with different colour-coding techniques, including frequency-based colour-flow (CFD) or power (PD) Doppler sonography, used alone or in combination with contrast media, were used in 23 patients with middle cerebral artery (MCA) stenosis. In 10 patients a contrast medium (400 mg/ml SHU 508 A) was administered because of inadequate colour-coded visualisation with TCCD. The data were compared with angiographic methods. Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) revealed 2 low-grade, 11 middle-grade and 10 high-grade stenoses in the M1 segment. With TCCD, we found a 7.7% higher blood flow velocity (systolic peak velocity) than with transcranial duplex sonography without colour-coding because of visual angle correction and a 20% higher systolic peak velocity using contrast enhancement. CFD did not differ from PD in identification of low- and middle-grade MCA stenoses, but PD alone revealed two more cases of high-grade stenosis than CFD. The contrast medium increased diagnostic confidence in 8 of 10 cases. Only 2 of 23 MCA stenoses (9%) could not be shown using TCCD.     

High intensity transient signals (HITS) in patients with carotid artery disease

Interest in the Doppler ultrasound phenomenon of "High Intensity Transient Signals" (HITS) is based on the, thus far, unproven hypothesis, that these signals may to some extent represent silent cerebral microembolism ahead of a TIA/stroke and hence identify patients at risk for stroke. We prospectively investigated 80 patients with 102 moderate/severe internal carotid artery lesions. Patients with additional potential sources of cerebral ischemia were excluded. Bilateral transcranial Doppler monitorings of the middle cerebral arteries (MCA) were performed for =>30 min. HITS occurred more often in patients with completed stroke (21.9%) than in patients with transient ischemic deficits (12.5%), but significantly less in asymptomatic subjects (4.3%) (p<0.05). The incidence was maximal in patients examined within the first week after the onset of stroke. HITS were significantly more often associated with severe (> 70%) (23.5%) than with moderate (50 - 70%) internal carotid artery stenosis (3.4%) (p<0.05). These figures are closely related to annual stroke risk estimates recently reported about patients evaluated in multi-centre trials for carotid endarterectomy, and support the concept that HITS associated with carotid disease represent an important individual risk predictor.     

Transcranial power mode Doppler duplex sonography of intracranial aneurysms

Recent events have challenged our health system to increase access to and provide high quality care for patients near the end of life. Simultaneously, Medicare is developing review policies to determine eligibility for hospice patients with select noncancer diagnoses. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the proposed policies met one of their chief goals: accurate identification of patients with a less-than-six-months prognosis. Only 35 percent of 104 patients who died within six months of admission to the hospice used for this study, LifePath Hospice, met the Medicare proposed criteria for hospice eligibility. The median and mean survival time of the sample was 14 and 30 days respectively. Based on this review, it is recommended that Medicare alter their proposed review policies and not limit access to hospice eligible patients who desire and are in need of such services.     

Influence of annealing on depth distributions and microstructure of ion-implanted Ti6Al4V

Ti6Al4V alloy was ion implanted with carbon, nitrogen, platinum, or gold. The effect of heat treatment at 500°C on the depth distributions of oxygen and implanted atoms was investigated using backscattering spectrometry. The phases in the near-surface region were determined using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Platinum and gold are enriched in both α- and β-titanium solid solutions. Implanted carbon forms titanium carbide at lower concentration than nitrogen forms titanium nitride. The depth profiles of Au, Pt, and N are not altered by annealing. Implanted carbon as well as oxygen diffuse to larger depth upon heat treatment. Noble metal-implanted layers are permeable to oxygen diffusion. At concentrations exceeding 35 at. pct, implanted carbon and nitrogen act as a diffusion barrier for oxygen.     

The effect of organizational structure on perceptions of procedural fairness.

This study explored the relationship between 3 dimensions of organizational structure—centralization, formalization, and size—and perceptions of procedural and interactional fairness. Data from 11 organizations (N? = ?209) indicated that, as predicted, centralization was negatively related to perceptions of procedural fairness, and organizational size was negatively related to interactional fairness. However, contrary to predictions, formalization was not related to perceptions of procedural fairness. Results suggest that organizational structure and design should play a more prominent role in our thinking about organizational fairness. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)