When Teachers' and Parents' Values Differ: Teachers' Ratings of Academic Competence in Children From Low-Income Families.

The authors examined predictors of teachers' ratings of academic competence of 105 kindergarten children from low-income families. Teachers rated target children's expected competence in literacy and math and completed questions about their perceptions of congruence-dissonance between themselves and the child's parents regarding education-related values. Independent examiners assessed children's literacy and math skills. Teachers' instructional styles were observed and rated along dimensions of curriculum-centered and student-centered practices. Controlling for children's skills and socioeconomic status, teachers rated children as less competent when they perceived value differences with parents. These patterns were stronger for teachers who exhibited curriculum-centered, rather than student-centered, practices. The findings suggest a mechanism by which some children from low-income families enter a path of diminished expectations. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Photoelectrocatalytic humic acid degradation kinetics and effect of pH,applied potential and inorganic ions

This study addresses the removal of humic acid (HA) dissolved in an aqueous medium by a photoelectrocatalytic process. UV₂₅₄ removal and the degradation of color (Vis₄₀₀) followed pseudo‐first order kinetics. Rate constants were 1.1 × 10^?1 min^?1, 8.3 × 10^?2 min^?1 and 2.49 × 10^?2 min^?1 (R² > 0.97) for UV₂₅₄ degradation and 1.7 × 10^?1 min^?1, 6.5 × 10^?2 min^?1 and 2.0 × 10^?2 min^?1 for color removal from 5 mg dm^?3, 10 mg dm^?3 and 25 mg dm^?3 HA respectively. Following a 2 h irradiation time, 96% of the color, 98% of the humic acid and 85% of the total organic carbon (TOC) was removed from an initial 25 mg dm^?3 HA solution in the photoanode cell. Photocatalytic removal on the same photoanode was also studied in order to compare the two methods of degradation. Results showed that the photoelectrocatalytic method was much more effective than the photocatalytic method especially at high pH values and with respect to UV₂₅₄ removal. The effect of other important reaction variables, eg pH, external potential and electrolyte concentration, on the photoelectrocatalytic HA degradation was also studied. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry     

Functional polyamides. 3. Synthesis and chelating properties of a new poly(amide thioether)

Polymerization of β,β′-(ethylenedithio)dipropionitrile

1 IUPAC name: 4,7-dithiadecane dinitrile.

with formaldehyde in the presence of sulfuric acid was carried out in order to permit the synthesis of polymides containing thioether groups. The obtained poly(amide thioether)s were characterized; they coordinate mercury (II) with a high degree of selectivity.     

A combo technology of autotrophic and heterotrophic denitrification processes for groundwater treatment

In this study,a sequential process (heterotrophic up-flow column and completely mixed membrane bioreactors) was proposed combining advantages of the both processes.The system was operated for 249 days with simulated and real groundwater for nitrate removal at concentrations varying from 25 to 145 mg·L-1 NO3-N.The contribution of heterotrophic process to total nitrate removal in the system was controlled by dozing the ethanol considering the nitrate concentration.By this way,sulfur based autotrophic denitrification rate was decreased and the effluent sulfate concentrations were controlled.The alkalinity requirement in the autotrophic process was produced in the heterotrophic reactor,and the system was operated without alkalinity supplementation.Throughout the study,the chemical oxygen demand in the heterotrophic reactor effluent was (23.7 ± 22) mg·L-1 and it was further decreased to(7.5 ± 7.2) mg·L-1 in the system effluent,corresponding to a 70％ reduction.In the last period of the study,the real groundwater containing 145 mg·L-1 NO3-N was completely removed.Membrane was operated without chemical washing in the first 114 days.Between days 115-249 weekly chemical washing was required.     

Topology-Aware Multiple Routing Configurations for Fault Tolerant Networking

Real-time services require reliable and fault tolerant communication networks to support their stringent Quality of Service requirements. Multi Topology Routing based IP Fast Re-route (MT-IPFRR) technologies provide seamless forwarding of IP packets during network failures by constructing virtual topologies (VTs) to re-route the disrupted traffic. Multiple Routing Configurations (MRC) is a widely studied MT-IPFRR technique. In this paper, we propose two heuristics, namely mMRC-1 and mMRC-2, to reduce the number of VTs required by the MRC to provide full coverage for single link/node failures, and hence, to decrease its operational complexity. Both heuristics are designed to construct more robust VTs against network partitioning by taking their topological characteristics into consideration. We perform extensive experiments on 3200 topologies with diverse structural properties using our automated topology generation and analysis tool. Numerical results show that the amount of reductions in VT requirements get higher up to 31.84 %, as the networks tend to have more hub nodes whose degree is much higher than the rest of the network.     

Physical and Mechanical Properties of PP Composites based on Different Types of Lignocellulosic Fillers

The presents preparation and characterization of different types of lignocellulosic fillers (pine wood sawdust/ walnut shell flour/ black rice husk powder) reinforced polypropylene composites were presented. The effect of MAPP as coupling agent (4wt%) on the physical and mechanical properties was also investigated. Polypropylene composites were prepared at different rates of filler/matrix (wt%) by using extrusion (for melt blending) and hot compression molding process. Maximum values of tensile and flexural strength were obtained as 26.1 and 43.4 MPa, respectively, whereas the elongation at break value was 4.11% at 10% pine wood sawdust reinforced PP. Tensile and flexural modulus of composites reached the maximum values as 3855 and 3633 MPa with the composite of 30% walnut shell flour reinforced PP. Characterization of composites was carried out by using tensile test, flexural test, FT-IR, and SEM.     

Synthesis and Characterization of PEG-Sr Hexaferrite by Sol–Gel Conversion

Sr-M-type hexagonal ferrites have been prepared via a sol?Cgel route, and the effects of addition of different molecular weight polyethylene glycol (PEG) into the sol solutions on the static magnetic properties and particle morphology have been studied. Crystalline phases of the samples were determined by XRD analysis. FT-IR and TG analyses were used to prove the presence of PEG on SrFe₁₂O₁₉. The results showed that adding PEG with different molecular weight into the sol solutions affected the formation mechanism of SrFe₁₂O₁₉. Sr-M precursors prepared by various PEG types show different magnetic behaviors after pre-calcination at 150?^°C. This discrepancy is explained by the formation of a different phase during the synthesis of SrM particles.     

THE METHOD OF LINES SOLUTION OF THE DISCRETE ORDINATES METHOD FOR RADIATIVE HEAT TRANSFER IN ENCLOSURES

A radiation code based on the method of lines (MOL) solution of the discrete ordinates method (DOM) for transient three-dimensional radiative heat transfer in rectangular enclosures for use in conjunction with a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code based on the same approach was developed. Assessment of the predictive accuracy of the code by benchmarking its steady-state solutions against exact solutions on one- and three-dimensional test problems shows that the MOL solution of the DOM provides accurate and computationally efficient solutions for radiative heat fluxes and source terms and can be used with confidence in conjunction with CFD codes for transient problems.     

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of the Supplementary Motor Area in the Treatment of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Multi-Site Study

Recently, strategies beyond pharmacological and psychological treatments have been developed for the management of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Specifically, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has been employed as an adjunctive treatment in cases of treatment-refractory OCD. Here, we investigate six weeks of low frequency rTMS, applied bilaterally and simultaneously over the sensory motor area, in OCD patients in a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. Twenty-two participants were randomly enrolled into the treatment (ACTIVE = 10) or placebo (SHAM = 12) groups. At each of seven visits (baseline; day 1 and weeks 2, 4, and 6 of treatment; and two and six weeks after treatment) the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) was administered. At the end of the six weeks of rTMS, patients in the ACTIVE group showed a clinically significant decrease in Y-BOCS scores compared to both the baseline and the SHAM group. This effect was maintained six weeks following the end of rTMS treatment. Therefore, in this sample, rTMS appeared to significantly improve the OCD symptoms of the treated patients beyond the treatment window. More studies need to be conducted to determine the generalizability of these findings and to define the duration of rTMS’ clinical effect on the Y-BOCS. Clinical Trial Registration Number (NCT) at www.clinicaltrials.gov: {"type":"clinical-trial","attrs":{"text":"NCT00616486","term_id":"NCT00616486"}}NCT00616486.