Surface energy-mediated fibronectin adsorption and osteoblast responses on nanostructured diamond

Nanostructured diamond have potential applications in many biomedical related fields and demonstrated extraordinary capacity to influence cellular responses. Studying the surface property of nanodiamond and its influence to protein adsorption and subsequent cellular responses along with the mechanism behind such capacity becomes more important. Here the role of surface energy associated with nanostructured diamond in modulating fibronectin and osteoblast(OB, bone forming cells) responses was investigated. Nanocrystalline diamond(NCD) and submicron crystalline diamond(SMCD) films with controllable surface energy were prepared by microwave-enhanced plasma chemical vapor deposition(MPCVD) techniques. Fibronectin adsorption on the diamond films with varied surface energy values was measured via the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) and the relationship between the surface energy and fibronectin adsorption was studied. The result indicated that fibronectin adsorption on nanostructured surfaces was closely related to both surface energy and material microstructures. The spreading and migration of OB aggregates(each containing 30–50 cells) on the NCD with varied surface energy values were also studied. The result indicates a correlation between the cell spreading and migration on nanodiamond and the surface energy of nanostructured surface.     

Nitrate Additives Coordinated with Crown Ether Stabilize Lithium Metal Anodes in Carbonate Electrolyte

Lithium metal anodes (LMAs) are promising for next-generation batteries but have poor compatibility with the widely used carbonate-based electrolytes, which is a major reason for their severe dendrite growth and low Coulombic efficiency (CE). A nitrate additive to the electrolyte is an effective solution, but its low solubility in carbonates is a problem that can be solved using a crown ether, as reported. A rubidium nitrate additive coordinated with 18-crown-6 crown ether stabilizes the LMA in a carbonate electrolyte. The coordination promotes the dissolution of NO₃⁻ ions and helps form a dense solid electrolyte interface that is Li₃N-rich which guides uniform Li deposition. In addition, the Rb (18-crown-6)⁺ complexes are adsorbed on the dendrite tips, shielding them from Li deposition on the dendrite tips. A high CE of 97.1% is achieved with a capacity of 1 mAh cm⁻² in a half cell, much higher than when using the additive-free electrolyte (92.2%). Such an additive is very compatible with a nickel-rich ternary cathode at a high voltage, and the assembled full battery with a cathode material loading up to 10 mg cm⁻² shows an average CE of 99.8% over 200 cycles, indicating a potential for practical use.     

Development of an Analytical Technique to Determine the Fractions of Vanadium Cations with Different Valences in Slag

The current work aimed to develop a reliable method to analyze the amounts of different vanadium cations in metallurgical slag. The application of the technique to the samples of supercooled slag showed its applicability and reliability.     

活性碳纤维负载型脱硫剂在矿井气体环境条件下的应用

H₂S作为煤炭开采过程中经常会出现的气体,对煤矿的生产安全造成不利影响,必须进行脱除工作。然而煤矿中还可能存在其他组分的气体,这些气体可能会一定程度上影响H₂S的脱除。本文选取活性碳纤维分别负载氢氧化钠及氧化铜,并选取两种材料的最佳负载量。之后,模拟煤矿实际条件,探讨复合脱硫剂在实际矿井气氛条件下的脱硫性能。结果表明,煤体在受热情况下会产生的多组分混合性气体,这些气体会对脱硫剂性能产生极大的影响,当煤体温度升高,其产生的CO、CO₂等气体呈指数增大,并且会产生少量的CH₄、C₂H₆、C₂H₄、C₂H₂等气体,随着这些气体生成量增大,脱硫剂脱硫性能开始下降。且在矿井气体氛条件下SO₂气体的产生受到了抑制,特别在煤气组分含量大的情况下,SO₂气体甚至晚于H₂S气体出现。此外通过测量脱硫剂失活后的表面pH,发现即便在一些气体氛围下脱硫剂的脱硫时间更短,其脱硫后产物的表面pH极为相近,说明煤体产生的酸性气体CO以及CO₂等可能也被吸附到脱硫剂的表面上生成酸性物质。     

小型化A/O工艺处理肉类加工废水

某肉类加工厂废水采用A/O工艺处理,运行结果显示,系统进水CODCr为1 300～1 500 mg/L、TKN为120～150 mg/L,出水CODCr为20～40 mg/L,NH3-N<0.2 mg/L,TN去除率为85%～90%,且系统保持高生物量(MLSS达6～6.2 g/L)与低污泥负荷[(0.075 gCODCr/(gSS·d))].     

人血清淀粉样蛋白A1原核表达及胶体金检测方法的建立

通过胶体金免疫层析技术建立一种特异、便捷、快速的SAA1定量检测新方法.利用大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)原核表达人血清淀粉样蛋白A1(SAA1),根据BL21(DE3)表达偏好性设计并合成SAA1蛋白基因片段,构建表达载体pET-28a-SAA1,采用CaCl2法制备BL21(DE3)感受态,热激转化法将pET-28a-SAA1转入到BL21(DE3).经表达条件优化,获得重组蛋白最佳诱导表达条件:温度30℃,时间6h,转速180rpm/min,培养基pH 7.0,IPTG浓度0.4mM,诱导表达后目的蛋白经SDS-PAGE电泳鉴定,Ni柱纯化、透析、浓缩从而获得浓度为8.09mg/ml,纯度为85%的SAA1.同时,结合胶体金标记技术,建立了SAA1胶体金免疫层析试纸检测方法,线性范围0.16~500μg/ml,最低检测限0.16μg/ml,该研究为临床体外诊断SAA1快速检测提供技术基础.     

弯道水流纵向流速剖面的试验研究

弯道水流特性的研究一直备受重视,而弯道水流纵向流速的分布则是其重要研究课题之一.本文运用弯道概化模型试验,利用ADV采集三维流速数据,对弯道水流纵向流速沿水深的分布进行了系统研究,得到了纵向流速剖面沿程和沿河宽的变化.研究表明,由于弯道水流的复杂性,试图采用单一计算模式来描述弯道纵向流速沿水深的分布是难以实现的.合理的流速剖面公式应当考虑水流参数、弯道尺度和参照部位等的综合影响.研究为进一步深入探讨弯道水流特性奠定了基础.     

引入大颗粒助剂对径向移动床流动特性的影响

针对错流移动床存在的空腔和颗粒流动偏离平推流的不正常操作问题。在一套φ600 mm×1300 mm半圆锥形和柱形错流移动床大型冷模实验装置上,借助于大颗粒助剂的引入有效提高了错流移动床出现空腔的临界速度,解决了错流移动床操作弹性低的问题。理论分析和实验结果表明,混入适量的大颗粒助剂可使颗粒流动不均匀性得到明显改善。     

Origins of Non‐metallic Inclusions and their Chemical Development during Ladle Treatment

In the present work, steel, slag and refractory samples were taken from the ladle at OVAKO Steel in Hofors, Sweden. The steel samples were analysed in LOM, SEM and OES PDA. The chemical compositions of the inclusions were determined by EDS. According to the morphologies and compositions, the inclusions were classified into 5 different types, namely, (1) type‐1, alumina inclusions, (2) type‐2, calcium aluminate, (3) type‐3, spinel+calcium aluminate, (4) type‐4, calcium aluminate surrounded by a CaS shell, and (5) spinel+calcium aluminate surrounded by a CaS shell. Ladle glaze was found to be a major supplier of the inclusions, while the inclusions brought over from EAF could be another important source. The results of OES PDA showed that removal of inclusions took place mostly during the vacuum degassing period.     

Estimation of viscosities of ternary silicate melts using the excess gibbs energy of mixing

A correlation to predict the viscosities of ternary silicates using the Gibbs energies of mixing of the silicate melts has been developed. This correlation has been employed to predict the viscosities of liquid slags in the systems FeO-MnO-SiO₂, FeO-MgO-SiO₂, CaO-FeO-SiO₂, CaO-MnO-SiO₂, and CaO-MgO-SiO₂. The good agreement between the calculated viscosities and the experimental data in the ternary silicate systems has indicated that this approach can be successfully employed to predict the viscosities of ternary silicate melts.