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1.
This study developed a coupled land-atmosphere satellite data assimilation system as a new physical downscaling approach, by coupling a mesoscale atmospheric model with a land data assimilation system (LDAS). The LDAS consists of a land surface scheme as the model operator, a radiative transfer model as the observation operator, and the simulated annealing method for minimizing the difference between the observed and simulated microwave brightness temperature. The atmospheric model produces forcing data for the LDAS, and the LDAS produces better initial surface conditions for the modelling system. This coupled system can take into account land surface heterogeneities through assimilating satellite data for a better precipitation prediction. To assess the effectiveness of the new system, 3-dimensional numerical experiments were carried out in a mesoscale area of the Tibetan Plateau during the wet monsoon season. The results show significant improvement compared with a no assimilation regional atmospheric model simply nested from the global model. The surface soil moisture content and its distribution from the assimilation system were more consistent to in situ observations. These better surface conditions affect the land-atmosphere interactions through convection systems and lead to better atmospheric predictability as confirmed by satellite-based cloud observations and in situ sounding observations. Through the use of satellite brightness temperature, the developed coupled land-atmosphere assimilation system has shown potential ability to provide better initial surface conditions and its inputs to the atmosphere and to improve physical downscaling through regional models. 相似文献
2.
Brahim Bchir Souhail Besbes Romdhane Karoui Michel Paquot Hamadi Attia Christophe Blecker 《Food and Bioprocess Technology》2012,5(3):999-1009
Pomegranate seeds were osmodehydrated using date juice added with sucrose (final °Brix, 55) as immersion solution. The kinetics
of osmotic dehydration showed that the most significant changes of mass transfer took place during the first 20 min of the
process, regardless of date juice varieties. During this time, seed water loss and solid gain were estimated to be ∼39% and
∼6%, respectively. After 20 min of the process, the percentage of water loss and solid gain varied slightly and ranged on
average close to ∼40% and ∼9%, respectively. During osmotic dehydration, there was a leaching of natural solutes from seeds
into the solution, which is quantitatively not negligible, and might have an important impact on the sensorial and nutritional
value of seeds and date juices. Both scanning electron microscopy and texture (compression) analysis revealed that osmotic
dehydration process induced modifications of seed texture and cell structure. Sucrose was found to be the essential element
which influences the texture of seed and the viscosity of date juice. Additionally, natural sugar present in date juice permits
substituting 35% of the total quantity of sucrose added to the osmotic solution. 相似文献
3.
Effects of pH on dechlorination of trichloroethylene by zero-valent iron 总被引:19,自引:0,他引:19
The surface normalized reaction rate constants (k(sa)) of trichloroethylene (TCE) and zero-valent iron (ZVI) were quantified in batch reactors at pH values between 1.7 and 10. The k(sa) of TCE linearly decreased from 0.044 to 0.009l/hm(2) between pH 3.8 and 8.0, whereas the k(sa) at pH 1.7 was more than an order higher than that at pH 3.8. The degradation of TCE was not observed at pH values of 9 and 10. The k(sa) of iron corrosion linearly decreased from 0.092 to 0.018l/hm(2) between pH 4.9 and 9.8, whereas it is significantly higher at pH 1.7 and 3.8. The k(sa) of TCE was 30-300 times higher than those reported in literature. The difference can be attributed to the pH effects and precipitation of iron hydroxide. The k(sa) of TCE degradation and iron corrosion at a head space of 6 and 10ml were about twice of those at zero head space. The effect was attributed to the formation of hydrogen bubbles on ZVI, which hindered the transport the TCE between the solution and reaction sites on ZVI. The optimal TCE degradation rate was achieved at a pH of 4.9. This suggests that lowering solution pH might not expedite the degradation rate of TCE by ZVI as it also caused faster disappearance of ZVI, and hence decreased the ZVI surface concentration. 相似文献
4.
Fatma Bouaziz Mohamed Koubaa Khaoula Ben Jeddou Francisco J. Barba Fatma Chaari Souhail Besbes Rhoudha Ellouz Ghorbel Semia Ellouz Chaabouni 《International Journal of Food Science & Technology》2017,52(1):205-213
The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of almond gum as dietary fibre source in enhancing the wheat bread quality. Different amounts of almond gum (2%, 5% and 10% (w/w)) were used in bread formulation. The volume, texture, crust and crumb colour, as well as the sensorial properties, were evaluated and compared to control (without almond gum). The obtained results showed that almond gum addition enhanced significantly the volume of bread. The highest volume was obtained using 2% almond gum concentration with 23.6% increase, compared to control. Using almond gum in bread formulation improved considerably its texture with a notable decrease in hardness by 61.7% and 42.5% when using 2% and 5% almond gum, respectively. The sensory analysis scores showed that the better overall acceptability was found for breads supplemented with 2% almond gum, as compared to control and breads supplemented with 5% or 10% almond gum. 相似文献
5.
Souhail Boussetta Gianpaolo Balsamo Anton Beljaars Tomas Kral Lionel Jarlan 《International journal of remote sensing》2013,34(9-10):3520-3542
The leaf area index (LAI), defined as the one-sided green leaf area per unit ground area, is used in many numerical weather prediction (NWP) models as an indicator of the vegetation development state, which is of paramount importance to characterize land evaporation, photosynthesis, and carbon-uptake processes. LAI is often simply represented by lookup tables, dependent on the vegetation type and seasons. However, global LAI datasets derived from remote sensing observations have more recently become available. These products are based on sensors such as the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) or the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), onboard polar orbiting satellites that can cover the entire globe within typically 3 days and with a spatial resolution of the order of 1 km. We examine the meteorological impact of satellite-derived LAI products on near-surface air temperature and humidity, which comes both from the stomatal transpiration of leaves and from the intercepted water on the surface of leaves, re-evaporating into the atmosphere. Two distinct monthly LAI climatology datasets derived respectively from AVHRR and MODIS sensors are tested. A set of forecasts and data assimilation experiments with the integrated forecasting system of the European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts is performed with the monthly LAI climatology datasets as opposed to a vegetation-dependent constant LAI. The monthly LAI is shown to improve the forecasts of near-surface (screen-level) air temperature and relative humidity through its effect on evapotranspiration, with the largest impact obtained over needleleaf forests, crops, and grassland. At longer time-scales, the introduction of the monthly LAI is shown to have a positive impact on the model climate particularly during the boreal spring, where the LAI climatology has a large seasonal cycle. 相似文献
6.
Jordan is an arid country with limited water resources, so there is a chronic need to study and understand its hydrology at
the watershed scale which will eventually help in achieving good management for the existing scarce water resources. The studied
watershed was the Zarqa River Basin which is considered as the largest watershed in Jordan. The objective of this study was
to calibrate the hydrological component of the Hydrological Simulation Program – FORTRAN (HSPF) model for the Zarqa River
Basin. The calibrated model could be used in a later stage to examine the impact of different management practices and climate
change scenarios on the water resources in the basin. The calibration of the HSPF water quantity parameters was aided by GIS
and by the automatic calibration model (PEST). The automatic calibration was done for the years 1988–1991 and the validation
was done for the years 1996–1998. The coefficient of determination, R
2 for the calibration and verification years of the monthly flows was 0.81 and 0.76, respectively. 相似文献
7.
Hela Yaich Haikel Garna Souhail Besbes Michel Paquot Christophe Blecker Hamadi Attia 《Food Hydrocolloids》2013
A study of the influence of extraction conditions (pH: 1.5 and 2; temperature: 80 °C and 90 °C; extraction time: 1–3 h), on the yield, chemical composition and purity of the sulphated cell wall polysaccharides ulvan, extracted from the green seaweed Ulva lactuca and precipitated by alcohol is carried out. The alcohol precipitate yields varied from 21.68% to 32.67% (%dw/dw) depending on the pH. At pH 2, the alcohol precipitate yields and the uronic acid recovery from extract juice are higher than those obtained at pH 1.5. Other compounds than ulvan such as cellulose, hemicellulose, proteins and ash are solubilized from the cell walls of Ulva lactuca at both pH, and they are precipitated with alcohol. The alcohol precipitate obtained from different extraction conditions has high uronic acid (20.37%–23.60%) and neutral sugar content (20.09%–29.12%), especially when the conditions (pH, temperature) are drastic. It contains rhamnose (13.35%–15.59%), glucose (2.90%–10.97%), and xylose (2.36%–2.73%). A decrease in the molecular weight of ulvan was observed at acid pH, and for long extraction times. The presence of proteins (1.94%–2.32%) and inorganic material (33.36%–47.15%) in alcohol precipitate prove the lower purity of ulvan extracted and shows that ulvan precipitation with ethanol is not specific. 相似文献
8.
A simple and expeditious method for the determination of trace metals (cadmium, chromium, copper, manganese and lead) is proposed. The metals are extracted from their matrix by using nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide in a closed-vessel microwave digestion system for their subsequent detection by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS). The sample preparation procedure facilitates the overall analytical process and enables the construction of calibration curves from inorganic standards. The ensuing method provides good linearity and sensitivity for the five metals, with limits of detection and quantization spanning the ranges 0.05–2.20 and 0.15–7.34 μg/kg, respectively. This sensitivity level is quite appropriate for the intended application. Accuracy was assessed by using a certified reference material (NCS ZC85006 Tomato), for which the proposed method provided amounts of metals consistent with their certified values. The proposed method was applied to tomato, pepper and onion, which are widely consumed in Mediterranean countries. 相似文献
9.
Souhail Dhouib Aïda Kharrat Habib Chabchoub 《International journal for numerical methods in engineering》2010,83(11):1498-1517
A multi‐start threshold accepting algorithm with an adaptive memory (MS‐TA) is proposed to solve multiple objective continuous optimization problems. The aim of this paper is to find efficiently multiple Pareto‐optimal solutions. Comparisons are carried out with multiple objective taboo search algorithm and genetic algorithm. Experiments on literature problems show that the proposed algorithm is more effective. The presented multi‐start adaptive algorithm improves the best‐known results by a significant margin. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
10.
Gautham Jegadeesan Souhail R. Al-Abed Vijayakumar Sundaram Kirk G. Scheckel 《Water research》2010,44(3):965-1198
Single solute As (III) and As (V) sorption on nano-sized amorphous and crystalline TiO2 was investigated to determine: size and crystallinity effects on arsenic sorption capacities, possible As (III) oxidation, and the nature of surface complexes. Amorphous and crystalline nanoparticles were prepared using sol-gel synthesis techniques. For amorphous TiO2, solute pH in the range of 4-9 had a profound impact on only As (V) sorption. As (III) and As (V) sorption isotherms indicated that sorption capacities of the different TiO2 polymorphs were dependent on the sorption site density, surface area (particle size) and crystalline structure. When normalized to surface area, As (III) surface coverage on the TiO2 surface remained almost constant for particles between 5 and 20 nm. However, As (V) surface coverage increased with the degree of crystallinity. X-ray absorption spectroscopic analysis provided evidence of partial As (III) oxidation on amorphous TiO2 rather than crystalline TiO2. The data also indicated that As (III) and As (V) form binuclear bidentate inner-sphere complexes with amorphous TiO2 at neutral pH. 相似文献