A monolithic ±5 1/2-digit BiMOS A/D converter

A monolithic ±5-1/2-digit BiMOS analog-digital converter that achieves integral integrity within two counts over the range -2 V to +2 V and noise error for any single reading within ±1 count is described. The part uses four noncritical external passive components; the reference voltage is also provided externally. The converter uses a three-pass algorithm with a modified dual-slope integration and subsequent residue multiplication steps. It has been integrated on a BiMOS process based on a production 4-μm CMOS process with one mask added and the starting material polarity changed     

Multimodal Homesickness Prevention in Boys Spending 2 Weeks at a Residential Summer Camp.

Homesickness is the distress or impairment caused by an actual or anticipated separation from home. It is characterized by preoccupying thoughts of home and attachment objects. In its severe form, homesickness is subjectively distressing and has clinically significant cognitive, emotional, and behavioral sequelae. This study provided 75 boys who ranged in age from 8 to 16 years and who were 1st-year campers at an overnight summer camp with an inexpensive, multimodal homesickness prevention package. Results suggest that combining environmental information, psychoeducation, social support, explicit coping instruction, caregiver education, practice time away from home, and surrogate caregiver training can reduce homesickness and associated behavior problems. These data support the theory that novelty reduction, attitudinal shifts, preseparation coping enhancement, and supportive social environments diminish the negative emotional intensity of homesickness. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

On the word preferences of suicidal versus nonsuicidal college students.

Used a word preference format to investigate reactions to verbal stimuli of 21 suicidal and 21 nonsuicidal university students matched for age and sex. Six words with either aggressive or submissive denotative meanings significantly differentiated the 2 groups. In addition, the word suicide was selected at a higher frequency level by suicidal individuals when compared to their nonsuicidal counterparts. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Prepress-solvent extraction of cottonseed,processing conditions and characteristics of products

Summary A study has been made of the relation between processing conditions and the chemical characteristics of cottonseed meals and oils produced by prepressing-solvent extraction. Twenty-six complete sets of mill samples of known processing history and representative of the production at 11 mills were used in the investigation. Cooking conditions were the major factor influencing the distribution of the gossypol between the meal and oil. Reduction in free gossypol during cooking was due to binding with meal components while that occurring during prepressing and solvent extraction resulted mainly from removal of gossypol in the prepressed and solvent-extracted oils. Nitrogen solubility data, which have been suggested as a measure of protein damage, indicated that the major change or reduction in nitrogen solubility occurred during cooking. Very little reduction was noted for prepressing or solvent extraction. The reduction in nitrogen solubility during prepressing is much smaller than that previously reported for normal screw-pressing operations. Prepressed oils gave lower refining losses and lower refined and bleached color than did the solvent-extracted oils. Bleach color reversion, after storage of crude oils for 30 days at 100°F., was greater for solvent-extracted than for prepressed oils. A number of meals exhibited the desirable characteristics of low free gossypol content and high nitrogen solubility. Values calculated for chemical indexes of protein quality, as suggested by Lyman and associates (11), indicate that many of the meals should have good protein quality. Presented at the 45th Annual Meeting of the American Oil Chemists' Society, April 11–14, 1954, San Antonio, Tex. One of the laboratories of the Southern Utilization Research Branch, Agricultural Research Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture.     

The pigments of crude cottonseed oils. I. The inhibition of color reversion in crude cottonseed oils

Summary Treatment of freshly prepared crude cottonseed oils withp-aminobenzoic acid and subsequent removal of the di-p-carboxyanilinogossypol formed makes it possible to store the oils at a relatively high temperature (37–38°C.) and for an extended period of time (30 days) without incurring any adverse changes in the refining and bleaching properties of the oils. In addition, a considerable decrease in the refining loss of the crude oil is obtained, and the stability of the bleached oil is not affected by the treatment. Spectrophotometric studies made during all phases of the chemical treatment and during the refining and bleaching procedures show that thep-aminobenzoic acid removes almost completely the gossypol-like pigments which are present in the crude oils and yields oils having the characteristic carotenoid spectrum. One of the laboratories of the Southern Utilization Research Branch, Agricultural Research Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture.     

Psychosocial status of children with diabetes in the first 2 years after diagnosis

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the pattern of adjustment over time of a cohort of children with newly diagnosed diabetes compared with a cohort of peer-selected children without diabetes over the first 2 years after the diagnosis of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Children (n = 89 with IDDM, n = 53 without IDDM) ages 8-14 years were studied with the Children's Depression Inventory, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children, Child and Adolescent Adjustment Profile, Self-Perception Profile for Children, and a general health scale. Initial data were collected within 6 weeks of the diagnosis of IDDM and at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months thereafter. RESULTS: There were no demographic differences between the two groups. Initially, children with diabetes were more depressed, more dependent, and more withdrawn than their peers. By 1 year postdiagnosis, there were no significant differences in psychosocial status between the two groups. By 2 years postdiagnosis, depression, dependency, and withdrawal were significantly higher in children with diabetes than in their peers without IDDM. Self-perceived competence remained similar between the two groups at all time points. CONCLUSIONS: After an initial period of adjustment, children with IDDM have equivalent psychosocial status to children without IDDM, but by 2 years after diagnosis, they have experienced twice the amount of depression and adjustment problems as their peers. Interventions should be aimed at this critical period between 1 and 2 years postdiagnosis.     

The effect of processing conditions on the properties of screw-press cottonseed meal and oil

Summary Processing conditions, particularly cooking procedures, have a marked influence on the chemical properties of screw-pressed meal and oil. Cooking prepared meats at 240–250°F., as in normal mill practice, produced meals with low free gossypol content but at the expense of considerable protein damage. The resultant crude oils showed some color reversion upon storage at 95°F. Dry cooking (7% moisture) at temperatures not exceeding 200°F. gave meals of improved chemical properties, but the crude oils exhibited considerable color reversion on storage. Wet low-temperature cooking (200–210°F.), followed by evaporative cooling, yielded a meal intermediate in quality between that for normal mill practice and dry low-temperature cooking. The crude oils, which corresponded to hydraulic-pressed oil, did not exhibit any appreciable color reversion upon storage at elevated temperatures. The selection of processing conditions, notably cooking, enables wide variations in the distribution of gossypol between meal and oil. The increase in the bleach color of crude oils stored at 95–100°F. was found to be directly related to the initial gossypol content of the crude oils. Presented at 44th Annual Meeting of the American Oil Chemists’ Society, New Orleans, La., May 4–6, 1953. One of the laboratories of the Bureau of Agricultural and Industrial Chemistry, Agricultural Research Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture.