用于千兆以太网基带铜缆接收器均衡的甚高频自适应 连续时间Gm-C 二阶带通滤波器的研究和设计

本文设计了用于千兆以太网基带铜缆接收器均衡的甚高频自适应连续时间Gm-C二阶带通滤波器。基于最陡梯度下降算法，带通滤波器的零点在57－340MHz的频率范围内可以自适应地调节，中心频率为1.278GHz。通过外接电阻伺服环路，滤波器中跨导转换器的跨导值不受工艺偏差和温度变化的影响，采用CSMC－HJ0.6μm CMOS工艺器件模型，用Cadence Spectres仿真器仿真了设计的自适应滤波器电路，仿真结果验证了设计原理和设计的电路。系统的最长学习时间为880个参考时钟周期。     

Measurement of serum levels of exogenously administered FSH and LH during ovulation induction therapy

The available surgical and non-surgical therapy options for treatment of gallstone disease are presented. Conventional cholecystectomy is regarded as standard therapy of symptomatic cholecystolithiasis. Other modes of therapy may be indicated under certain circumstances, depending on the results of imaging procedures. In this context conventional X-ray examination, oral and intravenous cholecystography, sonography, computed tomography, endoscopic retrograde cholangiography/cholecystography, and magnetic resonance imaging are discussed and their influence on therapeutic decisions is explained.     

Quality of diabetes care, diabetes knowledge and risk of severe hypoglycaemia one and four years after participation in a 5-day structured treatment and teaching programme for intensified insulin therapy

PURPOSE: Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is characterized by translocation of intestinal endotoxin and subsequent endogenous production of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6). Plasma lipid fractions, especially high density lipoproteins, bind and neutralize endotoxin and, therefore, inhibit endotoxin-induced macrophage cytokine production, including IL-6. Increased IL-6 plasma levels have been implicated in adverse consequences associated with CPB. Previous studies demonstrated large interpatient variability in IL-6 plasma levels after CPB. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between plasma lipid concentrations and the concentrations of IL-6 following CPB in humans. METHODS: In a prospective study, a group of 15 patients selected to exclude variables known to influence post-CPB plasma levels of IL-6 (preoperative left ventricular ejection fraction > 45%, similar durations of aortic cross clamping and total CPB time, similar temperature control during CPB, and avoidance of platelet transfusion and shed mediastinal blood re-infusion), IL-6 was measured at baseline, one and 24 hr post-CPB. RESULTS: Interleukin-6 plasma concentrations (mean +/- SD) increased at one (142 +/- 89 pg.ml-1, P < 0.05) and 24 (129 +/- 82 pg.ml-1, P < 0.05) hr post-CPB compared with baseline (1.5 +/- 1 pg.ml-1) concentrations. An inverse correlation was found between IL-6 plasma concentrations at one hour post-CPB and plasma cholesterol concentrations (r = -0.592, P = 0.02), high density lipoprotein (r = -0.595, P = 0.02), and low density lipoprotein (r = -0.656, P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that plasma lipids attenuate the production of IL-6 during CPB and may partly explain the variability of interpatient levels of IL-6 reported post-CPB by others.     

Dental survey at school with the purpose to select children with no actual need of dental treatment

The purpose of this study was to develop an examination method to select children without from children with need of dental treatment. Furthermore the objective was that these examinations could be performed as a survey at school, without utilizing an expensive and fully equipped dental clinic but still maintain the certainty for the individual not to be at increased risk to be declared false caries-free, in comparison with ordinary examination at a dental clinic. The material comprised 88 children 10-13 years old. The children were subject to a survey-examination at school and a few weeks later at a dental clinic by the same examiner. Initially the children were examined at school by two examiners in order to measure the inter-examiner variability. The results showed that 2 of the 88 examined children (2.3%) were judged false healthy at school examination with respect to caries. The inter-examiner variability in diagnosing caries was greater than the intra-examiner variability between survey at school and examination at the dental clinic.     

Coupling of reversed-phase liquid column chromatography and fourier transform infrared spectrometry using postcolumn on-line extraction and solvent elimination

An on-line postcolumn extraction module was used in conjunction with a solvent elimination interface for the semi-on-line coupling of reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RP-LC) and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR). The extraction module consisted of a phase segmentor, an extraction coil, and a phase separator. Dichloromethane was used as extraction solvent. The organic phase delivered by the separator was evaporated by a spray-jet assembly that simultaneously deposited the extracted analytes onto a zinc selenide window, which was subsequently analyzed by FT-IR microscopy. The method is evaluated by studying parameters such as postcolumn band broadening, phase separation efficiency, evaporation efficiency, extraction yield, eluent composition, and use of nonvolatile buffer salts. Good-quality spectra were obtained for test compounds (phenylureas and quinones), which were separated by RP-LC using a buffered eluent with high water content. Large-volume injections allowed FT-IR detection at the submicrogram per milliliter level.     

A statistical approach to high-throughput screening of predicted orthologs

Orthologs are genes in different species that have diverged from a common ancestral gene after speciation. In contrast, paralogs are genes that have diverged after a gene duplication event. For many comparative analyses, it is of interest to identify orthologs with similar functions. Such orthologs tend to support species divergence (ssd-orthologs) in the sense that they have diverged only due to speciation, to the same relative degree as their species. However, due to incomplete sequencing or gene loss in a species, predicted orthologs can sometimes be paralogs or other non-ssd-orthologs. To increase the specificity of ssd-ortholog prediction, Fulton et al. [Fulton, D., Li, Y., Laird, M., Horsman, B., Roche, F., Brinkman, F., 2006. Improving the specificity of high-throughput ortholog prediction. BMC Bioinformatics 7 (1), 270] developed Ortholuge, a bioinformatics tool that identifies predicted orthologs with atypical genetic divergence. However, when the initial list of putative orthologs contains a non-negligible number of non-ssd-orthologs, the cut-off values that Ortholuge generates for orthology classification are difficult to interpret and can be too high, leading to decreased specificity of ssd-ortholog prediction. Therefore, we propose a complementary statistical approach to determining cut-off values. A benefit of the proposed approach is that it gives the user an estimated conditional probability that a predicted ortholog pair is unusually diverged. This enables the interpretation and selection of cut-off values based on a direct measure of the relative composition of ssd-orthologs versus non-ssd-orthologs. In a simulation comparison of the two approaches, we find that the statistical approach provides more stable cut-off values and improves the specificity of ssd-ortholog prediction for low-quality data sets of predicted orthologs.